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情态动词的用法一、情态动词的类型(一))might(may)、could(can、must只做情态动词的有:、1need可做情态动词也可做实义动词的有:、2)should(shall)、would(will可做情态动词也可做助动词的有:、3、4oughtto、haveto可做情态动词的某些特征的有:(二)情态动词的特征must构成谓语:必须和行为动词或系动词连用,但不能单独做谓语,有一定的词义,、1(√)mustgohome)X(home)例外,用于第三人称单数时用haveto无人称和数的变化(、2hastoHemuststaythere.Wemuststaythere.Hehastowalkhome.Wehavetowalkhome.Shemayloseherway后接动词原形:、3具有助动词的作用,可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语、4Yes,Ican.CanyousinganEnglishsong?情态动词的用法(三)的用法could、can、1表示能力,译为:能,会。如:)1(你会打篮球么?Canyouplaybasketball?表怀疑、猜测,常用于否定句和疑问句当中,如:)2(他不可能在房间里。tbeintheroom.’Hecan。如:may表请求或允许,多用于口语,意为“可以”,相当于)3(你现在可以走了。Youcan(may)gonow.的过去式,可以表示过去的能力。如:can是could)4(IcouldswimwhenIwassevenyearsold.。t’can和can开头的一般疑问句,其肯定回答和否定回答分别用can以)5()的用法might(过去式may、21()表推测,意为“可能,也许”,用于肯定句中。如:他明天可能会来。Hemaycometomorrow.)表请求、许可,意为“可以“。如:2(我可以借用你的书么?MayIborrowyourbook?,不用t’mustn其否定回答用的一般疑问句时,主语为第一人称表请求,用于may注意:,意为“不可以,不许,禁止“,如:maynot是,可以。/Yes,youmay(can).不可以t’No,youmustn——MayIgonow?祝你成功Mayyousucceed.)①表祝愿。如:3(,否定句也用can②表示推测,意为一定,一般用于肯定句。在疑问句和否定句一般应用表示不可能。如:t’can表示可能不,而maynot,但may有人在敲门。here’ssomeoneknockingonthedoor.T——肯定是吉姆。ItmustbeJim.——开头的疑问句,肯定回答用must表示禁止,意为不允许。以t’mustn:在否定句中,注意’don或者t’needn,而否定回答则常用must。如:t’mustn,意为不必,而不用thaveto我今天必须完成工作么?MustIfinishtheworktoday?——不,你不必thaveto.’t/youdon’youneedn,No——need对)4(need用助动词提问或否定;为实义动词,need说明todo后加need词性的判断:提问或否定,肯定need为情态动词,用need后加动词原形,则need表被动;若doing后加。如:t’needn,否定回答用must回答用你不必这么早来学校。needn’tcometoschoolsoearly.You的用法hadbetter、5hadbetternotdosth动词原形,表示最好做某事,否定式用hadbetter+)的用法would(will)、should(shall、6(用于第一人称,表示征求意见、询问。用于第二、三人称,表示命令如:shall)1?我打开窗户好么?ShallIopenthewindow?我们在这儿吃饭好么?Shallwehavelunchhere课堂上你必须听讲。Youshalllistentotheteacherinclass.常用来表示义务、责任。如:should)2(我们应该遵守交通规则。Weshouldobeytrafficlaws.(用于第二人称表示询问、请求,也可以表达现在的意愿。如:will)3你能把这本书递给我么?Willyoupassmethebook?用来表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问。如:would)4(?你能告诉我去东站的路么?Wouldyoutellmethewaytothestation易混点清单、71(beableto和can)表beableto),但could(只用于现在时和过去式can表示能力时用法相同,beableto和can。如:有现在时,过去时和将来时示经过努力后,能够做到我们下周能回来。Wewillbeabletocomebacknextweek.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonewasabletogetout.去年不会说中文但今年会。,butnowhecan.Jimimcouldn’tspeakChineselastyearJ表示可能性的区别may和can)2(表可能。如:may在肯定句中用①你最好问问警察,他可能知道。Youhadbetteraskthepoliceman.Hemayknow.,若语气不肯定,表cannot在否定句中,若语气肯定,表示不可能时用②。maynot示可能不时用李老师不可能在,他去北京度假了。tbeintheroom.HehasgonetoBeijingforavisit.’MrLican表示委婉语气might,would,should,could)3(would,should,could等过去式有时不表示过去,而是表示更委婉客气的语气,如:might,你能告诉我去公园的路么?Wouldyoutellmethewaytothepark?maybe和maybe)4(为副词,“大概,也许”,相当Maybe,用在句中。be为情态动词,后面跟动词原形may,用于句首。perhaps于can)5(t’mustn和t’表达“禁止,不允许”的含义,不是用来表推测的,在肯t’mustn,t’can表否定推测时应用表推测,意为“一定”。must定句中MustIgotolawschoolandbealawyerlikeyou,Dad?D——①________,son.You’refreetoyou_,No——makeyourowndecision.D.needn’tC.shouldn’tB.mustn’tcan’tA.IsMrBrowndrivinghere?A——②I’mnotsure.He_______comebytrain.——D.mustC.needB.shallmayA.Lookattheyoungladyinred.IsitMrsKing?D——③No,it_______beher.Sheiswearingawhitedresstoday.——A.D.can’tC.mustB.maycanMayIstopmycarhere?No,you_______..1BD.don'thavetoC.needn'tB.mustn'tA.can't2.Mustwecleanthehousenow?No,you_______.AD.can'tC.mustn'tB.maynotA.needn't3.John_____hisfatherabouthisfailureintheexam.CD.daresnottotellB.daresnottellingC.darenottellA.daresnottell4.You___returnthebooknow.Youcankeepitnextweekifyoulike.CD.maynotC.needn'tB.mustn'tA.can't5.Johnny,you______playwiththeknife,you___hurtyourself.BD.can't...shouldn'tB.mustn't...mayC.shouldn't,mustA.won't...can't6.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone______getout.DD.wasabletoC.couldB.wouldA.hadtoC7.Wouldyougooutforawalkwithme?No,I____.Mygirlfriendiscoming.D.shouldn'tC.won'tB.shallnotA.wouldn't8.Man_____diewithoutwater.AB.canA.willD.shallC.need9.Ifhestartedat90'clock,he_____betherebynow.DD.mustC.oughttoB.shallA.need10.Imailedthelettertwoweeksago.She_____it.DD.musthavereceivedB.can'treceiveC.mightreceiveA.mustreceive11.Theprofessorgaveordersthattheexperiment_____before5:30p.m.AD.wouldbefinishedB.willfinishC.mustbefinishedA.befinished12.Therewasplentyoftime.You_____.DB.mustn'thavehurriedC.needn'thurryA.mustn'thurryD.needn'thavehurried)boy.He____gotoschoolthoughitwasraininghard.勤奋的13.Tomwasadiligent(AD.wasn'tabletoC.couldn'tB.couldA.wasableto14._____Igobackbeforelunch?No,Idon'tthinkyou____.CB.Do...needtoC.Must...havetoD.May....oughttoA.Need...must15.Theteacher____doalltheexercises,butastudent______.AD.can't....mustB.maynot...mustC.needn't....needn'tA.needn't....must16.Wouldyouopenthewindowplease?Yes,I______.AB.wouldA.willD.canC.do17.Alion______onlyattackahumanbeingwhenitishungry.CD.shallC.willB.canA.should18.MustIfinishthisnovelthismorning?No,you_____.CA.mustn'tB.mightnotC.don'thavetoD.can't19.Thetaxi____onlyholdsixpassengers.Itisfull.You_____takethenextone.BA.may...mayB.can...mayC.may...canD.must...can20.I___alittleearlier,butImetafriendofmineontheway.CD.musthavecomeB.mayhavecomeC.couldhavecomeA.maycome21.Iwishtogohomenow,_____I?AD.doC.mustB.can'tA.may22.Hemusthavefinishedhishomework,_____he?DA.mustn'tB.didn'tC.needn'tD.hasn't23.Thispenlookslikemine,yetitisn't.Whose___itbe?BC.mayB.canA.mustD.might24.Hed
本文标题:译林英语八年级上册语法复习及练习(含答案)
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