国际贸易实务1

国际贸易实务Discussion●WhatisthestudyscopeofInternationalTradePractice？●Whatarethemainfeaturesofinternationaltradeascomparedwithdomestictrade？●Whyshouldwestudyinternationaltrade？●Whatdoyouexpecttolearnfromthiscourse？CourseDescriptionInternationalTradePracticeisadisciplinespecializinginthestudyofconcreteprocessofinternationalcommodityexchangeandacomprehensiveappliedsciencecharacterizedbypracticalinternationalbusinessactivities.Itconcernsbasicprinciplesandknowledgeofinternationaltradetheories,tradeterms,paymentterms,transportation,insuranceandtheirapplications.CourseObjectiveThecourseaimsatanalyzingandstudyingthepracticesofinternationalcommodityexchange,summarizingthepracticeexperiencegainedathomeandabroad,andapplyingitintointernationaltradebusinessactivities.CourseRequirementsStudentsarerequiredtonotonlyunderstandthebasicprinciples,basicknowledgeandbasicskillsofinternationaltradebutalsodeveloptheabilitytoanalyzeandsolveproblemsinactualinternationaltradeactivity.CourseassessmentThecoursewillbeassessedusingthefollowingmethods:(a)casestudies/presentations(b)assignments(c)exam(d)classattendanceMainContentsoftheCourseChapter1IntroductiontoInternationalTradeChapter2TermsofdeliveryChapter3TermsofCommodityChapter4InternationalCargoTransportChapter5OceanMarineCargoInsuranceChapter6PaymentTermsChapter7Inspection,Claims,ForceMajeureandArbitrationChapter8BusinessNegotiationandEstablishmentofContractChapter9DocumentationSomedomesticnetworkresources●外贸手册●中国贸促网●中国外经贸●中国对外经贸国际合作部●中国国际贸易网●阿里巴巴（国际站）●中国国际贸易发展网●中国出口精英网●离岸商务网●商资网●中国出口营销网(OrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment)(UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment)●WhatisInternationalTrade?------theexchangeofgoods,services,andtechnologiesacrossnationalboundaries.Itincludesimportandexportoperations.●Internationaltradevs.foreigntrade●Internationaltrade,alsocalled“worldtrade”,generallyreferstotheexchangeofgoodsandservicesamongdifferentcountries.Itistheaggregateoftheimportandexportofallthenations.●Foreigntradereferstotheexchangeofgoodsandservicesofonecountry(region)withanothercountry(region).Itcomprisestwoparts-importandexport.●Whydocountriestrade?Countriesengageininternationaltradeforthefollowingreasons:1.ResourcesReasons,e.g.NaturalresourcesFavorableclimateconditionsandterrainSkilledworkersandCapitalResourcesFavorablegeographiclocationandtransportationcostsInsufficientproduction2.EconomicReasonse.g.AbsoluteadvantageComparativeadvantage3.PoliticalReasonsInthesecases,politicalobjectivesoutweighedeconomicconsiderations.e.g.FormerSovietUnionandCuba.Benefitsofinternationaltrade1.Cheapergoodsorservices2.Greatervariety3.Marketexpansion4.EconomygrowthProblemsininternationaltrade1.Traderestrictions2.Culturalproblems3.MonetaryconversionMethodsofrestrictionsTariffsandNon-tariffsTariffsAtariffisadutyorfeeleviedongoodsbeingimportedintoacountry.Accordingtothetimeofcollection:importdutyandexportdutyImportsurtax:Countervailingduty,Anti-dumpingdutyandVariablelevy.Accordingtothemethodsofcollection:SpecificDuties,AdvaloremDuties,MixedCompoundDutiesandAnalternativedutyQuotaImportlicenseVoluntaryexportrestraintsForeignexchangecontrolStatemonopolyofimportandexportGovernmentproductionpolicyAdvanceddepositTechnicalstandardsHealthandsanitaryregulationsPackagingandlabelingregulationsMinimumpriceNon-tariffs(NTBS)ReasonsofTradeBarriersTocorrectabalance-of-paymentsdeficitForreasonsofnationalsecurityToprotecttheirownindustriesagainstthecompetitionofforeigngoods.JobsPoliticalreasonsculturalproblemsLanguageReligion,SocialCustomsandMannersMoneyconversionExchangeRate●TwoBasicTheoryofInternationalTradeAdamSmith(1723-1790)andHisAbsoluteAdvantageDavidRicardo(1772-1823)andHisComparativeAdvantage●Theoryofabsoluteadvantage●1)AdamSmith,inhis1776book,TheWealthofNations,heldthattherealwealthofacountryconsistedofthegoodsandservicesavailabletoitscitizens.Thenationalinterestcouldbegainedbytradingwiththeproductsonenationproducesatarelativelylowcostfortheproductsitproducesatarelativelyhighcost.Hedevelopedthetheoryofabsoluteadvantage,whichholdsthatdifferentcountriescanproducesomegoodsmoreefficientlythanothers;thusglobalefficiencycanbeincreasedthroughfreetrade.●Thefamousabsoluteadvantagetheorycanbedemonstratedasthefollowingexample:CountriesProductsBritainPortugalEfficiencyCloth(yard/man-hour)20102:1Wine(gallon/man-hour)241:2Hereinthisproposedfigure,accordingtothetheoryofAdamSmith,BritainandPortugalhavedifferentefficienciesinthepro