人教版高一英语必修一Unit1知识点详解

1高一英语必修1Unit1FriendshipPart1.Warmingup1.介词不同，含义有别：begoodtosb./sth.对…好begoodforsb./sth.对…有好处begoodat(doing)sth.擅长，精通begoodwithsb./sth.善于应付…的eg.ShewasverygoodtomewhenIwasill.Doingmorningexercisesisgoodforhealth.TimisgoodatspeakingEnglish.Heisverygoodwithchildren.他对孩子很有一套。2.addup合计，把…加起来addupto合计达到…addto增加，增添addAtoB把…加进…里面，把…和…相加eg.Pleaseaddthesefiguresup.Thesefiguresaddupto900.Thebadweatheraddedtoourdifficulities.Pleaseaddsomesalttothewater.Addthreetofourandyougetseven.▲addvt.补充说（后接that从句或者直接引语）eg.Headdedthattheywouldreturninaweek.“Anddon’tbelate,”sheadded.3.pointn.点，要点，观点，意义，得分v.指着beonthepointofdoingsth.when......=beabouttodosht.when....正要做某事，这时......Thereisnopoint(in)doingsth.没有必要（意义）做某事4.until与not…untiluntil表示动作、状态的持续，强调“一直到……为止”，或强调某个动作或状态一直持续到另一个动作或状态出现之前。常与表示延续性动作的动词连用。not…until表示“到……为止；直到……才”，常与表示瞬间性动作的动词连用。eg.Helivedwithhisparentsuntilhegraduatedfromcollege.Thenoiseofthestreetdidn’tstopuntilmidnight.5.finishsth./doingsth.后跟动名词作宾语的动词或短语还有：admit,appreciate,avoid，consider，delay,enjoy，escape,feellike,forgive,getdownto,giveup,imagine，mind,miss（错过）,practice,suggest,risk，can'tstand（不能忍受）,can’thelp(忍不住），giveup,putoff等。helpsb.(to)dosth.Thereisnowaytoescapedoingthework.没有办法逃脱做这项工作。Weshallappreciatehearingfromyouagain.能再次收到你的来信，我们将十分感激。Heputoffpayingthebills6.getsth.done使某事被做(get做使役动词，“使、叫、让”后接复合宾语)eg.Whenareyougoingtogetyourhaircut?Imustgetmyhomeworkfinishedfirstbeforegoingouttoplay.Hegothisfoothurtwhileplayingfootball.▲getsb.todosth.让某人做某事eg.Iwillgethimtodothework.▲getsb./sth.doing…使某人或者某物开始…起来eg.Letmetrynow.Iwillgetthecargoing.▲get+n.+adj.使…成为某种状态eg.Geteverythingready.★联想：havesth.done使某事被做havesb.dosth.让某人做某事2havesb./sth.doing使某人或者某物持续做某事“让某人做某事”的表达方法let/make/havesb.dosth.getsb.todosth.7.Yourfriendcomestoschoolveryupset.upset此处为adj.做主语补足语，用来补充说明主语的情况。Eg.Hewenttobedcoldandhungry.Shegotmarriedyoung.▲upset的用法：(1).adj.心烦意乱的，不安的，不适的（多做表语）搭配：beupsetaboutsth.为某事烦心beupsetthat…心烦eg.Shewasreallyupsetaboutlosingthemoney.Iwasupsetthathehadleftwithoutsayinggoodbye.(2).vt.使不安，使心烦(upset,upset)upsetoneselfaboutsth为某事烦恼Eg.Don’tupsetyourselfaboutit.Thebadnewsupsettheboy’smother.8.ignorevt.不理睬，忽视eg.Heignoredmyadvice,sohefailedinthisexam.AlicesawJackcoming,butignoredhim.ignorancen.无知ignorantadj.不知道的，无知的beignoranceof/aboutsb./sth.对某人/某物不知道eg.Iwasignorant(ofthefact)thatthebossshouldbesostrict.我不知道老板居然那样严格。9.calmdownvt./vi.（使）平静下来，（使）镇定下来eg.Theexcitedgirlquicklycalmeddown.Hetookadeepbreathtocalmhimselfdown.▲calmadj.平静的，镇静的，沉着的eg.Keepcalm.Afterthestorm,itbecamecalmagain.▲adj.calm,quiet,still,silent辨析：calm平静的，沉着的（指无风浪或者人的心情不激动）quiet安静的，宁静的（指没有声音，不吵闹或者心里没有烦恼，忧虑）still静止的，不动的（指没有运动或者动作的状态）silent沉默的，不出声的（指没有声音或者不讲话）【一言辨异】Whenfacingdanger,youshouldkeepcalm;whentakenphotosof,youshouldkeepstill;whensomeoneelseisasleep,youshouldkeepquiet;inclass,youshouldn’tkeepsilentabouttheteacher’squestions.10.havegotto不得不，必须(否定：haven’tgotto)=haveto（否定：don’thaveto)eg.Ihavegottogotoameeting.Haveyougottogonow?Hehasn’tgottocometomorrow.【说明】:havegotto很少用于过去时态,haveto可用于各种时态；表示一次性动作时，两者可互换，表示习惯性动作，尤其句中有always,often等时，应用haveto.11.concern（1）vt.(使)担忧，涉及，关系到eg.Sheconcernsherselfaboutherson’sfuture.3Thenewsconcernsyourbrother.▲concern做动词时，更多情况下用过去分词做表语。搭配：①beconcernedabout/forsth.为…担心，关心，关注，挂念②beconcernedwithsth.与…有关，涉及③as/sofarassb.beconcerned就某人而言Eg.Thefamilyareallconcernedabouthersafety.Hewasconcernedwiththematter.AsfarasIamconcerned,Idon’tagreewithyou.(2)n.[u]/[c]担心，挂念，关注，利害关系；关心的事Eg.show/express/feel/haveconcernabout/for…关心…withconcern关心地Atthattime,oneofhisconcernswastogotocollege.12.goonholiday去度假takecareof=lookafter=careforwalkthedog遛狗13.Whilewalkingthedog,youwerecarelessanditgotloose…(1).Whilewalkingthedog=Whileyouwerewalkingthedog是一个由while引导的省略的时间状语从句。【点拨】在when/while引导的时间状语从句，where引导的地点状语从句，if/unless/once引导的条件状语从句，as/asif引导的方式状语从句，though/although/evenif引导的让步状语从句中，若主从句主语相同，且从句谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式，则从句的主语和be动词可以省略；或者当从句主语为it，且从句谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式，这时省略it和be动词。Eg.①Whilereadingabook,Iheardaknockonthedoor.②Whentakenintoawarmhouse,apieceoficebecomessmallerandsmalleruntilintheenditdisappearscompletely.③Filltheblankswithaproperwordwherenecessary.④Onceseen,itwillneverbeforgotten.⑤Theworkersjustcarriedouttheorderastold.⑥Evenifinvited,Iwon’tgototheparty.⑦MrGreen,thoughold,didthejobverywell.⑧WeshouldspeakEnglishwheneverpossible.请试着把以上省略的状语从句补充完整。(2).getloose变松(“get+adj.”构成系表结构，意为“变得…”)Eg.Itisgettingdarkeranddarkeroutside.▲“get+过去分词”构成系表结构：①表示被动。Eg.getburnt被烫伤gethurt受伤getkilled被杀getcaught被抓②表示自身发出的动作。Eg.getchanged换衣服getdressed穿衣服getmarried结婚getwashed洗脸▲“get+v-ing”构成系表结构：（意为“某人/某物开始做…”,表示主动）Eg.getmoving/working14.Youaretakingyourend-of-termexam.你就要参加期末考试了。现在进行时有时也用来表示按计划安排即将发生的动作,常有“意图”“安排”或“打算”的含义。4Eg.WearegoingtoMexiconextSunday.HeisleavingforShanghai.▲一般现在时也可用来表示即将发生的动作，但常指按时刻表要发生的事情。Eg.ThetrainleavesLondonatsix.15.cheatvi.作弊，欺诈eg.cheatin/onanexam考试作弊▲cheatvt.欺骗，骗取cheatsb.(out)ofsth.骗取某人某物cheatsb.intodoingsth.骗某人做某事eg.Theyarecheatingheroutofmoney.Hecheatedherintobuyingthefakediamond.他骗她买了那颗假钻石。16.shouldhavedone=oughttohavedone表示“过去本来应该做某事而实际上没有做”，含有责备的意味。Eg.Youshouldhavecomehere