论文写作与国际发表-Unit1-2

Unit1AcademicPaperWriting：GeneralDescriptionUnitobjectivesTypesofacademicpapersGeneralwaysofpreparingacademicpapersThestyleofacademicwritingGeneralstructureofanacademicpaperUnit1AcademicPaperWriting：GeneralDescriptionTypesofacademicpapersAcademicreportResearchpaperCoursepaperThesis/Dissertationetc.Unit1AcademicPaperWriting：GeneralDescriptionAcademicReport·Oftenusedtodisplaytheresultofanexperiment,investigation,orinquiry.·Thewritermaynotgivehisorherownopinionontheissue,norevaluatethefindings,butmerelypresentstheminasensiblesequence.·IMRAD：Introduction,Methods,Result,Discussion.Unit1AcademicPaperWriting：GeneralDescriptionResearchReport·alsocalledascholarlypaper,whichreportsempiricalortheoreticalworkwithinanacademicfield,isusuallypublishedinacademicjournalsandcontainsoriginalresearchresultsorreviewsexistingstudies.Unit1AcademicPaperWriting：GeneralDescriptionCoursePaper·Acoursepaperisusuallywrittenbyundergraduateorpostgraduatestudents·Acoursepapermainlyreferstothepaperwritteneitherduringaspecificcourse,orattheendofasemester.Unit1AcademicPaperWriting：GeneralDescriptionThesis/Dissertation·Athesis/dissertationisusuallyapapersubmittedinsupportofacandidateforadegreeoracademicqualification,presentingthewriter’sresearchandfinding.·Thethesis/dissertationshouldbeindependentlycompleted,underthesupervisor’sguidance,reflectingthecandidate’sownresearchwork.Unit1AcademicPaperWriting：GeneralDescriptionGeneralWaysofPreparingAcademicPapers·StepOne:SearchingforGoodandOriginalIdeas·StepTwo:FindingtheTopic·StepThree:ResearchingtheTopic·StepFour:ConsideringReadersandPurposes·StepFive:Brainstorming·StepSix:Drafting·StepSeven:EditingandRefiningUnit1AcademicPaperWriting：GeneralDescriptionTheStyleofAcademicWritingTheword“style”mayalsorefertothestyleguideinwritingthatisrecommendbyassociationsorpublications.SocialsciencesjournaltendtofollowtheAPAstyle（AmericanPsychologicalAssociation）TheChicagoManualofStyleisusedinsomesocialsciencespublicationsandmosthistoricaljournalsMLA（ModernLanguageAssociationofAmerica）—anacademicstyleguidewidelyusedintheUS,Canada，andothercountries,providesguidelinesforwritinganddocumentationofresearchinhumanities.Unit1AcademicPaperWriting：GeneralDescriptionMoreFormalExpressionsUnit1AcademicPaperWriting：GeneralDescriptionUnit1AcademicPaperWriting：GeneralDescriptionMoreObjectiveExpressionsDon’tusethefirst-andsecond-personpronouns(“I”“you”),takemore“we”instead.Passivevoicegivesthepaperasenseofimpartialityandobjectivity,Nominalstructures(名词性结构)Unit1AcademicPaperWriting：GeneralDescriptionMoreAcademicExpressionsAcademicEnglishhasitsownvocabularyandgrammaticalpatterns.Towritemoreeffectiveacademicpapers,itisveryimportanttohaveanoverviewoftheirlinguisticfeatures.Unit1AcademicPaperWriting：GeneralDescriptionGeneralStructureofanAcademicPaperAlthoughdifferentlanguageandculturehavedifferent“rules”fororganizingideasinwriting,itisnecessarytofollowthegeneralstructureinordertomeettherequirementsinwriting.ItemsMainFunctionsTitle·Summarizingthemaintextofthepaper·AttractingreadersAbstract·Explainingthebackground,approach,conclusion,andsignificance·Summarizingthepaper·OrientingreaderstothepaperKeywordsofIndexingTerms·HighlightingthefocususingnountermsIntroduction·Introducingtheresearchbackground·Makingaresearchorientation·StatingtheresearchpurposeLiteratureReview·ReviewingthepreviousresearchResearchMethodologiesandProcedures·Specifyingthemethodsandproceduresusedinthestudy·Explainingthetheoreticalframeworkormodelsandtheresearchdesign·Clarifyingdatacollectionandtreatment,andexperimentalapparatusandprocedures·Interpretingorcommentingonthemostimportantresultswithimportantfigures（showningraphs,tables,anddiagram）ResultsandFindings·Summarizingthemainresultsandfindings·Interpretingorcommentingonthemostimportantresultswithimportantfigures（showningraphs,tables,anddiagram）Discussion·Expoundingtheinterrelationsbetweentheobservedtheobservedfactsandtheirunderlyingcauses·Analyzingthedata·Comparingtheresultwithpreviousstudiesandtheoriginalhypothesis·Developingthehypothesisandspeculations·Highlightingtheviewpoints·MentioningthelimitationsofthestudyConclusion·Summarizingthemainpointsofthestudy·PresentingtheconclusionUnit2Title,Author/Affiliation,andKeywordsGeneralFunctionsandLinguisticFeaturesoftheTitleGeneralFunctionsandLinguisticFeaturesoftheAuthor/AffiliationGeneralFunctionsandLinguisticFeaturesoftheKeywordsUnitobjectivesUnit2Title,Author/Affiliation,andKeywordsGeneralFunctionsandLinguisticFeaturesoftheTitleGeneralFunctions(1)SummarizingtheMainText(2)AttractingtheReader(3)FacilitatingtheRetrieval(检索)Unit2Title,Author/Affiliation,andKeywords(1)UsingaPhraseInsteadofaSentence(2)UsingMoreNouns,NounPhrases,andGerundsLinguisticFeaturesUnit2Title,Author/Affiliation,andKeywordsWritingRequirements(1)BeBriefandConcise(2)BeSpecificUnit2Title,Author/Affiliation,andKeywords(3)AvoidQuestions(4)BeUnified(5)BeStandardUnit2Title,Author/Affiliation,andKeywordsUnit2Title,Author/Affiliation,andKeywordsGeneralFunctionsandLinguisticFeaturesoftheAuthor/AffiliationGeneralFunc