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供用电工程课程设计通用机器厂供用电设计院、部:电气与信息工程学院学生姓名:指导教师:桂友超专业:电气工程及其自动化班级:电气本1104班学号:11401240430课程设计任务书主要内容:对中小型工厂的供配电系统进行设计,采用10kV供电电源,在金工车间东侧1020m处有一座10kV配电所,先用1km的架空线路,后改为电缆线路至本厂变电所,将6—10kV的高压降为一般低压用电设备所需的电压,然后由低压配电线路将电能分送给各用电设备。其它各项设计,均应根据本厂用电负荷的实际情况,并适当考虑到工厂生产的发展,按照安全可靠、技术先进、经济合理的要求进行设计。参考资料:[1]刘介才.工厂供电[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.44-48[2]王健明,苏文成.供电技术[M].西安:电子工业出版社,2004.[3]何仰赞,温增银.电力系统分析[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2004.[4]张桂香.机电类专业毕业设计指南[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.[5]江文,许慧中.供配电技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.目录1设计要求···················································································02工厂负荷计算及配电系统的确定·····················································02.1工厂实际情况的介绍····························································02.2工厂负荷计算和无功补偿计算················································32.3主要车间配电系统的确定······················································53电气设备选择与电器校验······························································73.1主要电气设备的选择····························································73.2电器校验···········································································84继电保护系统的设计···································································124.1继电保护的选择、整定及计算···············································124.2防雷与接地·······································································125变电所平面布置设计及设计图样····················································135.1变配电所平面布置设计························································135.2设计图样··········································································14结论··························································································15参考文献·····················································································171设计要求(1)根据本厂所能取得的电源及本厂用电负荷的实际情况,并适当考虑到工厂生产的发展,按照安全可靠、技术先进、经济合理的要求,确定变电所的位置与型式。(2)确定变电所主变压器的台数与容量、类型。(3)选择变电所主结线方案及高低压设备和进出线。(4)确定二次回路方案。(5)选择整定继电保护装置。(6)确定防雷和接地装置。(7)绘制设计图样。2工厂负荷计算及配电系统的确定2.1工厂实际情况的介绍1.本次设计的机器厂厂区平面布置如图2.1所示。图2.1通用机器厂长区平面图2.各车间负荷情况见表2-1。表2-1各车间负荷表车间P/kWQ/kvar最大电动机/kW冷作10011030装配809022仓库20207.5户外照明20153.金工车间设备平面布置如图2.2所示。4.供电电源。在金工车间东侧1020m处有一座10kV配电所,先用1km的架空线路,后改为电缆线路至本厂变电所,其出口断路器是SN10—10Ⅱ型[4],此断路器配备有定时限过电流保护和电流速断保护,定时限过电流保护整定的动作时间为1s。5.气象资料。年平均气温为23.2℃,年最低气温为2℃,年最热月平均气温为34.6℃图2.2金工车间设备平面布置图6.地质资料。本厂所在地区平均海拔450m。土壤电阻率为100欧姆/米。7.金工车间设备明细见表2-2。表2-2金工车间设备明细表序号设备名称设备容量/kW台数/台1—33613—3623—2532—34车床7+0.125144铣床10+2.8152135摇臂钻4.5+1.7+0.6+0.1253674142铣床7+2.8489铣床7+1.7210砂轮机3.211112砂轮机121718磨床7+1.7+0.5219磨床10+2.8+1.512038磨床10+2.8+0.522237车床10+0.12522627磨床14+1+0.6+0.15230车床20+0.15131摇臂钻10+0.513940龙门刨75+4.5+1.7+1.7+1+1+0.52434445铣床7+1.7346镗床6.5+2.8147铣床7+2.8148桥式起重机11+5+5+2.214950桥式起重机16+5+5+3.52全厂照明密度为:12W/m.m2.2工厂负荷计算和无功补偿计算根据工艺设计提供的各厂房电力负荷清单,全厂都是三级负荷。按需要系数法分别计算出各厂房及全厂的计算负荷。注意,用电设备的总容量Pe值不含备用设备容量。2.2.1金工车间负荷计算1.金属切削机床组设备容量Pe=(7.125×14+12.8+6.925×3+9.8×4+8.7×2+3.2+1×2+9.2×2+14.3+13.3×2+10.125×2+15.75×2+63+38.7+20.15+10.5+85.4×2+8.7×3+9.3+9.8)kW=653.525kW对于大批生产的金属冷加工机床电动机,其需要系数:Kd=0.18—0.250.25取cos=0.5,tan=1.73有功计算负荷:P30=KdPe=(0.25×653.525)kW=163.38kW无功计算负荷:Q30=P30tan=(163.38×1.73)kVA=282.65kVA2.桥式起重机容量Pe=PN=(23.2+29.5×2)kW=82.2kW对于锅炉房和机加、机修、装配等类车间的吊车,其需要系数:Kd=0.1—0.15(取0.15),tan=1.73,cos=0.5有功计算负荷:P30=KdPe=(0.15×82.2)kW=12.33kW无功计算负荷:Q30=P30tan=(12.33×1.73)kVA=21.33kVA3.金工车间照明车间面积:60×24=1440(m2)设备容量:Pe=(12×1440)W=17280W=17.28kW对于生产厂房及办公室、阅览室、实验室照明,其需要系数:Kd=0.8—11取,tan=0,cos=1.0(tan和cos的值均为白炽灯照明数据)有功计算负荷:P30=KdPe=(1×17.28)kW=17.28kW无功计算负荷:Q30=P30tan=(17.28×0)kVA=0kVA2.2.2全厂总负荷1.变压器低压侧:有功计算负荷:P302=0.95P30=0.95×(163.38+12.33+17.28+100+80+20+20)kW=392.34kW无功计算负荷:Q302=0.97Q30=0.97×(282.65+21.33+110+90+20+15)kVA=522.81kVA视在计算负荷:S302=22392.34522.81kVA=653.65kVA功率因数:cos2=P302/Q302=392.34/653.65=0.6SL7型变压器属于低损耗电力变压器,其功率损耗可按简化公式计算。有功损耗:PT0.015S302=(0.015×653.65)kW=9.81kW无功损耗:QT0.06S302=(0.06×653.65)kVA=39.22kVA2.变压器高压侧:有功计算负荷:P301=P302+TP=(392.34+9.81)kW=402.15kW无功计算负荷:Q301=Q302+QT=(522.81+39.22)kVA=562.03kVA视在计算负荷:S301=22402.15562.03kVA=691.09kVA功率因数:cos1=P301/S301=402.15/691.09=0.583.无功功率的补偿。由于要求工厂变电所高压侧的功率因数不得低于0.9,而目前只有0.58,因此,需进行无功功率的补偿。提高功率因数的方法分为改善自然功率因数和安装人工补偿装置两种。安装人工补偿装置的方法既简单见效又快,因此,这里采用在低压母线装设电容屏的方法来提高功率因数[5]。考虑到变压器无功功率补偿损耗远大于有功功率损耗。一般Qt=(4-5)PT,因此在低压补偿时,低压侧补偿后的功率略高于0.9,这里取cos=0.92。而补偿前低压侧的功率因数只有0.6,由此可得低压电容屏的容量为:QC=P302(tan-tan')=392.34tanarccos0.6tanarccos0.92kVA=355.76kVA取QC=360kVA。4.补偿后变压器容量和功率因数:补偿后变电所低压侧的视在计算负荷:S'302=22392.34522.81360kVA=424.78kVA主变压器的功率损耗:''3020.0150.015424.786.37TPSkWkW''3020.060.06424.7825.49TQSkVAkVA变压器高压侧的计算负荷:有功计算负荷:P'301392.346.37398.7kWkW无功计算负荷:Q'301522.8136025.49188.3kVAkVA视在计算负荷:S'22301398.7188.3kVA=440.9kVA功率因数:cos'=P''301301/398.7/440.940.904S功率因数满足要求。计算电流:I''301301/3440.94/31025.46NSUkVAkVA全厂变电所负荷计算如表2-3所示。2.3主要车间配电系统的确定工厂的低压配电线路有放射式、树干式和环行三种基本结线方式。放射式结线的特点是:其引出线发生故障是互不影响,供电可靠性较高,而且便于装设自动装置。但有色金属消耗量较多,采用的开关设备也较多。放射式结线方式多用于设备容量大或供电可靠性要求较高的设备供电。而树干式结线的特点正好与放射式结线相反。很适于供电给容量较小而分布较均匀的用电设备。环行结线供电可靠性较高,但其保护装置及整定配合比较复杂[6]。因此,根据金工车间的具体情况,本系统采用放射式和树干式组合的结线方式,能满足生产要求。表2-3全厂变电所负荷计
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