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2019年高考英语代词语法必考考点(名师解读必考语法+实战真题,建议下载练习)【考点解读】概述一、人称代词:人称代词有主格和宾格之分,主格在句中作主语、表语等成分,宾格在句中作动词、介词宾语、同位语等成分,有时也可作表语。不仅指人,也可指物,有人称和数的变化。【注意】在连词than和as引导的比较状语从句中常常省略从句,只保留人称代词,人称代词作主语时要用主格,在口语中也常用宾格;但当人称代词后有动词时就必须用主格。如:MysisterspeaksEnglishaswellasme/I.(口语中常用me)MysisterspeaksEnglishaswellasIdo.(此时只能用I)二、物主代词:1.物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,必须与所指的名词在人称、数和性别方面保持一致。如:Thewaitersofferedtheirfoodtothehomelessman.【注意】单数阳性名词和单数阴性名词连用作主语时,如果前面有every,each修饰,谓语动词用单数,代词用his。如:Eachboyandeachgirlwantstolendhisraincoattothesoldiers.2.形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,只能作名词或动名词的定语。e.g.Thisisourclassroom.Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?3.名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,可单独作主语、宾语、表语。此外,名词性物主代词还可与名词及of连用,构成双重所有格。如:Thisishercoat.Mineisoverthere.Somefriendsofminewillattendmybirthdayparty.三、反身代词:1.反身代词通常在enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce,seat,dress,express,amuse,behave等动词和by,for,to,of等介词后作宾语。如:Hewasleftathomebyhimselfthewholedayyesterday.2.反身代词可以作主语的同位语,主要起加强语气的作用,意为“亲自,本人,亲身”。e.g.Theteacherandpupilsmendedtheroadthemselves.3.反身代词可以在be,feel,look,seem等系动词后作表语,表示身体或精神状态处于正常。e.g.—Youlookpale.What’swrongwithyou?—I’mnotfeelingmyselftoday,notserious,though.注意(1)反身代词本身不能单独作主语。(正)Imyselfdrovethecar.我自己开车。(误)Myselfdrovethecar.(2)在由and,or,nor连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是myself作主语。e.g.Charlesandmyselfsawit.(3)在不强调的情况下,but,except,for等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词均可。e.g.Noonebutmyself/meishurt.4.反身代词的习惯搭配(1)介词+反身代词foroneself为自己;亲自地tooneself对自己;独用ofoneself自动地byoneself独自地(2)动词+反身代词dressoneself自己穿衣makeoneselfathome不要客气seatoneself=beseated就坐teachoneself自学cometooneself苏醒devoteoneselfto=bedevotedto致力于enjoyoneself过得愉快,玩得高兴helponeselfto自行取用,请自便accustomoneselfto=beaccustomedto习惯于amuseoneself消遣,自娱behaveoneself表现良好applyoneselftosth.致力于explainoneself说明自己的意图expressoneself表达自己的思想abandononeselfto沉迷于,放纵四、指示代词:1.指上文提到的事物,一般用that,有时也用this;指下文将要提到的事物,常用this或these。如:HesaidIwaslying,andthatwasunfair.(that指代上文HesaidIwaslying)WhatIwantyoutorememberisthis:Practisemakesperfect.(此句中this指代下文,不能换为that)2.that/those可作定语从句的先行词,但this/these不能;其中those可指人,但that不能。如:Shehasknownthatwhichshewantedtoknow.Iadmirethosewhoarealwayshelpingothers.(those作定语从句的先行词,指人)五、相互代词:相互代词是表示相互关系的代词,只有eachother和oneanother两个词组,都表示“互相,相互”。1.eachother和oneanother在句中可以作动词或介词的宾语。如:Let’shelpeachotherandlearnfromeachother.Theylookedatoneanotherandlaughed.2.作定语时eachother和oneanother须用所有格,表示“彼此的”。如:Wesaidhellotooneanother’s/eachother’sfamily.六、疑问代词:1.疑问代词后接ever的用法。(1)whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever表泛指,意为“无论……”。如:Youhaveoursupport,whateveryoudecide.Whicheverofyougetsherefirstwillgettheprize.Idon’twanttoseethem,whoevertheyare.(2)置于疑问代词后,用于加强语气。如:Whateverdoyoumean?Whoeverheardofsuchathing!2.疑问代词的单复数形式要由所代表的人或事物的单复数形式来确定,如果不清楚代表的人或物是复数还是单数,则谓语动词多用单数形式。who/what/which作主语时,谓语动词既可以用单数形式,也可以用复数形式。如:Whatheneedsmostishismother’slove.Whatweneedaregoodbooks.七、复合不定代词:1.修饰不定代词的形容词应后置。e.g.Isthereanythingwrongwithmycar?2.复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词往往用第三人称单数形式。3.复合不定代词构成的固定短语:anythingbut根本不,一点也不nothingbut只不过donothingbut只有,除……之外什么事也不做havesomething/nothingtodowith与……有/无关somethingof有点,有几分八、全部否定与部分否定:由some和any构成的不定代词的用法与some和any的用法基本一致。all,both,everyone,everybody,everything以及“every+名词”都表示全部肯定;noone,none,nobody,nothing,not...any以及“no+名词”都表示全部否定;但当not出现在含有全部肯定的不定代词的句子中,不管not在它们之前还是在它们之后都表示部分否定。此外not与总括性副词如everywhere,always,wholly,altogether等连用时也表示部分否定。e.g.Alloftheboysareclever,butnoneofthemcanworkoutthisproblem.(all表示全部肯定,none表示全部否定)Suchathingcan’tbefoundeverywhere.(“not+everywhere”表示部分否定)Theexamisveryeasy,butnotallofthestudentscanpassit.(“not+all”表示部分否定)九、both,either,neither,each,all,none:both表示两者都,具有肯定含义;either表示两者中的任何一个;neither表示两者都不;each表示两者或两者以上的每一个;all表示全部,指三者或三者以上的人或物,也可笼统地表示“一切,所有”;none表示三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定,与of连用或用来回答howmany/much的提问。十、it作人称代词:在特定的环境中,it也可指人,如指婴儿、性别不详或身份不明的人。e.g.Thebabystoppedcryingassoonasitsawthewoman.—Whoisit?—It’sme.十一、it作形式主语或形式宾语:it可以作形式主语或形式宾语而把真正的主语或宾语后置。1.用it作形式主语的主语从句结构:(1)It+系动词+形容词+that从句:Itisnecessary/important/surprising/strange+that从句,从句中谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”形式,且should可省略。(2)It+系动词+名词+that从句:Itisapity/ashame/goodnews/afact/anhonour/awonder/nowonder/ourduty+that从句。e.g.It’snowonderthatyou’veachievedsomuchsuccess.(3)It+不及物动词+that从句:Itseems/happened/turnedout/occurs/appears+that从句。e.g.IthappenedthathewasoutwhenIcalledonhim.(4)It+系动词+过去分词+that从句:Itissaid/reported/announced/believed/thought/wellknown/hoped/pointedout/foundout/suggested/ordered/advised/requested/insisted/required/demanded+that从句。e.g.It’ssaidthattheyhavesucceededincarryingoutthisexperiment.【注意】在“Itissuggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required/demanded+that从句”结构中,从句要用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。e.g.Itissuggestedthatyou(should)spendmoretimeinstudyingEnglish.(5)其他句型,如Itdoesn’tmatter.../Itmakesnodifference...等。e.g.Itdoesn’tmatterwhatyouwear,aslongasyoulookneatandtidy.Itmakesnodifferencetomewhetheryougoornot.2.it作形式宾语的情况:(1)动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等后有宾语补足语时,则需要用it作形式宾语,把作为真正宾语的that从句后置。e.g.Wemakeitarulethatwegetupatsixeveryday.Weallthinkitimportantthatweshouldprotecttheenvironmentfrombeingpolluted.(2)有些动词接宾语从句时,需在动词和从句间加it。这些动词有:hate,appreciate,take,owe,have,like,enjoy,make等。e.g.Itake
本文标题:2019年高考英语代词语法必考考点
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