森林防火道路设计规范

-1-/72中华人民共和国国家标准GBGB***—2012森林防火道路设计规范（征求意见稿）DesignSpecificationforForestFire-proofRoad2012-*-*发布2012-*-*实施中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部中华人民共和国国家质量监督检查检疫总局联合发布-1-/72目次1总则·····································································································12一般规定·······························································································43路线·····································································································93.1一般规定························································································93.2横断面设计·····················································································93.3平面设计·······················································································103.4纵断面设计····················································································154路基····································································································184.1总体设计·······················································································184.2路基排水、防护与加固设计·······························································204.3特殊路基设计·················································································235路面····································································································276桥涵····································································································327路线交叉······························································································357.1立体交叉·······················································································357.2平面交叉·······················································································357.3与公路交叉····················································································367.4与铁路交叉····················································································367.5与管线等交叉·················································································378沿线设施及其它工程···············································································38本标准用词说明·························································································45附件《森林防火道路设计规范》条文说明······················································471总则·······························································································482一般规定·························································································503路线·······························································································524路基·······························································································605路面·······························································································636桥涵·······························································································647路线交叉·························································································678沿线设施及其他工程··········································································70-1-/721总则1.0.1为统一森林防火道路设计技术标准，完善工程建设标准体系，提高工程建设标准化水平，特制定本规范。1.0.2本规范适用于全国国有林区和集体林区的新建或改建森林防火道路的设计。已批复的林业局（场）总体设计，新建森林防火道路时，必须按本规范规定设计；改建森林防火道路应执行本规范的规定。未开发大片林区，林业局（场）总体设计时应使防火道路达到必要的密度；森林防火道路的设计，必须按本规范规定设计。1.0.3森林防火道路主要由森林防火公路和简易道路两部分组成。1.0.4森林防火公路根据公路在路网中的功能、作用、辐射林地面积及适应的交通量分为林防—级公路、林防二级公路及林防三级公路共三个等级。1.0.5防火公路等级的选用应根据公路功能、路网规划、交通量，并充分考虑项目所在地区的综合运输体系、远期发展等，经论证后确定。1.林防—级公路供汽车行驶的双车道公路。将各种汽车折合成小客车的年平均日交通量5000～15000辆；或适用于森林防火工程建设规划防火道路网中起骨干作用的防火公路主干线；局际间的防火公路主干线；林业局通往主要林场（所）址（主要居民点）的防火公路主干线；林业局通往航空护林防火林—1级和林—2级机场的进场道路。2.林防二级公路主要供汽车行驶的双车道公路。将各种车辆折合成小客车的年平均日交通量2000～6000辆；或适用于森林防火工程建设规划防火道路网中起重要作用的防火公路干线；局际间的防火公路干线；林业局通往林场（所）址的防火公路干线；林业局通往航空护林防火林—3级和林—直级机场的进场道路。3.林防三级公路双车道，主要供汽车行驶的双车道公路；将各种车辆折合成小客车的年平均日交通量2000辆以下。-2-/72单车道，将各种车辆折合成小客车的年平均日交通量400辆以下。或适用于森林防火工程建设规划防火道路网中的防火公路支线、岔线；林场（所）经营区域内的防火公路支线、岔线。林业局、林场（所）址通往防火气象站的道路；林场（所）址通往航空护林防火林—临直升机起降点的防火公路。4．对于各种汽车折合成小客车的年平均日交通量大于15000辆且具有防火功能的公路，应执行与《公路工程技术标准》（JTGB01）相配套的规范、标准。1.0.6各级防火公路设计交通量的预测应符合下列规定：1.林防一级、林防二级防火公路的设计交通量应按15年预测；林防三级防火公路可根据实际情况确定。2.设计交通量预测的起算年应为该项目可行性研究报告中的计划通车年。3.设计交通量的预测应充分考虑走廊带范围内远期社会、经济的发展和综合运输体系的影响。1.0.7一条防火公路，可分段选用不同的等级或同一等级不同的设计速度、路基宽度，但不同等级、设计速度、路基宽度间的衔接应协调，过渡应顺适。1.0.8采用分期修建的防火公路，必须遵照统筹规划、总体设计、分期实施的原则，使前期工程在后期仍能充分利用；其线形标准、路基填土高度、荷载标准及桥涵标准应符合相应等级防火公路的要求。1.0.9防火道路建设必须贯彻国家环境保护的政策，并符合以下规定：1．防火道路环境保护应贯彻“以防为主、以治为辅、综合治理”的原则。2．防火道路建设应根据自然条件进行绿化、美化路容、保护环境。3．生态环境脆弱的地区，或因工程施工可能造成环境近期难以恢复的地带，应作环境保护设计。1.0.10位于城市道路网规划范围内的防火道路设计，应按现行的有关城市道路的设计规范执行；位于公路网规划范围内的防火道路设计，应按现行的有关公路的设计规范执行。位于上述规划范围外的防火道路设计，应按本规范执行。1.0.11森林防火简易道路的设计规定简易道路包括塔道和防火巡护道路。1.塔道设计主要技术要求塔道分为车行塔道和人行塔道两种。-3-/721）车行塔道车行塔道通行车型按吉普车、微型小货车设计；路线选设宜选在向阳的坡面上、树根齐地坎平、不宜破坏原地面草皮，减少冲刷，就地取材、整平压实，应符合行车安全的基本要求；道路宽度3.0m；最小平曲线半径10m，设计最大纵坡，不宜大于15%；2）人行塔道路线选设应尽量设在向阳的坡面上，随坡就势，应符合通行安全的基本要求；道路宽度为1.0m，最大坡度不宜大于45°；陡坡设置梯道时，梯道踏步高度不宜大于20cm，踏步宽度不宜小于30cm；险情易发地段必须设置安全扶手，保证通行安全。2.防火巡护道路的基本要求地面防火巡护道路，分为摩托车巡护与骑马巡护两种。摩托车巡护道路，应尽量利用已有道路巡护，不宜另设专用道路。骑马巡护道路，一般在管辖巡护区域内无固定巡护路线，宜尽量在已有道路、林间毛道、兽径的基础上择路而行，不宜设专用道路。1.0.12森林防火道路工程设计，除应符合本规范外，尚应符合国家现行有关强制性标准的规