【英语国家社会与文化】Lesson-4-A-Brief-History-of-the-USA

ABriefHistoryoftheUSAUnitTwoHistoryLesson4ABriefHistoryoftheUSAABriefHistoryoftheUSAThehistoricperiodsoftheUSA•Pre-ColonialAmerica•EnglishColonialAmerica(1067-1776)•FormingoftheUSA(1776-1849)•TheCivilWar(1861-1865)•RapidGrowthofEconomy(1865-1918)ABriefHistoryoftheUSAPre-ColonialAmericaWhoweretheveryfirstAmericans?Thepresent-dayUnitedStateswasoriginallypopulatedbypeoplemigratingfromAsiaviatheBeringlandbridgestartingsome20,000yearsago.ThesepeoplebecametheindigenouspeoplewhoinhabitedtheAmericasbeforethearrivalofEuropeanexplorersandwhoarenowcalledNativeAmericans.ABriefHistoryoftheUSAChristopherColumbuswasthefirstEuropeantosetfootonwhatwouldonedaybecomeU.S.territorywhenhecametoPuertoRicoin1492.HethoughthehadreachedIndia,sohenamedthelocalpeopleIndians,notknowingthathehaddiscoveredaNewContinent.TheSpaingrabbedenormouswealthfromtheIndians.ChristopherColumbusABriefHistoryoftheUSAAmerigoVespucciHeprovedthatthelandwasnotIndia,thereforethelandwasnamedAmericaafterhim.ABriefHistoryoftheUSAThefirstEnglishcolonyintheAmericaswasfoundedatJamstown,Virginiain1607.(organizedbytheLondoncompany)EnglishColonialAmerica(1067-1776)ABriefHistoryoftheUSATheSecondsettlement•In1620,Puritans—thePilgrimFatherssailedforVirginiaaboardtheshipMayflower.•ReasontofleefromEngland:–toavoidthereligiouspersecution•LandedinwhatisnowPlymouth,Massachusetts.ABriefHistoryoftheUSAPuritans•Intolerantmoralism•Americanvalues(individualism,hardwork,respectofeducation)ABriefHistoryoftheUSA•CatholicMaryland(thethirdsettlement)•LordBaltimorehavehisfeudalplanexecuted.•QuakerPennsylvania(thefourthcolonialplace)•WilliamPenn•Experiment•Thespiritoflibertyandequality•Theideaofthemelting-potwasfirstpracticedhere.•InfluenceThomasJeffersonandBenjaminFranklin.ABriefHistoryoftheUSAFormingoftheUSA(1776-1849)TheWarofIndependenceTheprelude---13colonies(desiredmorepowertodeterminetheirownbusiness),---theBritishgovernment(collectmoretaxesfromthecolonies.)conflictrepealedin1766ABriefHistoryoftheUSA---theBritishgovernment(sellteaatalowerpriceinthecoloniesthroughitsownpeople.)---ThistookawaytheteabusinessfromAmericanteamerchants.---thefamousBostonTeaPartyin1773whichwasconsideredasthepreludeoftheWarofIndependence.ABriefHistoryoftheUSATheWarofIndependence---InSeptember1774,theFirstContinentalCongresswasheldinPhiladelphia,whichencouragedAmericanstorefusetobuyBritishgoods.Colonialmilitiaunitswereoraganized.---TheshotatLexingtononApril19,1775startedtheWarofIndependence.ABriefHistoryoftheUSATheSecondContinentalCongress•HeldinPhiladelphiainMay1775•Assumethefunctionsofanationalgovernment•FoundingContinentalArmyandNavyunderthecommandofGeorgeWashington.•Printingpapermoneyandopeningdiplomaticrelationswithforeignpowers.ABriefHistoryoftheUSATheDeclarationofIndependencewasdraftedbyThomasJefferson.ABriefHistoryoftheUSA•Itdraggedonforsevenyears.•Obstaclesforthecontinentalarmy:–Noenoughsupplies.–Tiredandhungry,whileBritishtroopsfreshandwell-equipped.–BythemiddleofDecember,1776,theRevolutionseemedlost.•ThevictoryatSaratoga(1777,October)—turningpoint.Q.Howdidthewardevelop?Andwhichbattlemarkedtheturningpointofthewar?ProcessoftheWarABriefHistoryoftheUSA•OnOctober19,1781,theBritishgeneralCornwalliswasforcedtosurrender,thewarcametoanend.•ThetwopartssignedtheTreatyofParisin1783—AmericawonitsindependenceABriefHistoryoftheUSATheEstablishmentofConstitution•OnMay25,1787,theconstitutionwasdrafted.•InJune1789,theconstitutioncameintoeffectinninestates.•Tenamendments—TheBillofRights—wereaddedtotheConstitutionin1791.•GeorgeWashingtonbecamethefirstPresidentoftheUnitedStates.ABriefHistoryoftheUSA3.1CausesofCivilWar•1)Economicreason:–twodifferenteconomicsystems•2)Politicalreason–TheNorth—FederalGovernmentasaunion–TheSouth—TheConfederateGovernment:theindependenceofeachstateQ.WhatwastheessentialcauseoftheCivilWar?ABriefHistoryoftheUSATheCivilWarbrokeoutonApril12,1861.PresidentAbrahamLincolnwonsupportfortheUnionathomeandabroadbymakingthewarajustwaragainstslavery.ABriefHistoryoftheUSA•ChallengesAbrahamLincolnfaced:–firstpriority—keepingtheUnitedStatesonecountry–freedomforblackpeople—secondaryobjectiveHeissuedthefamousEmancipationProclaimation.3.3TheFierceWarABriefHistoryoftheUSA•Gettysburg—turningpointofthewar•UnionarmydefeatedoneConfederatearmy•Gettysburg’saddresson1863ABriefHistoryoftheUSAAfteraseriesofbattles,theConfederatearmysurrendedonApril9,1865,andfivedayslaterLincolnwasshotdeadbyactorJohnWilkesBooth.InDecember,theThirteenthAmendment,whichbannedslavery,wasaddedtotheConstitution.TheThirteenthAmendmentABriefHistoryoftheUSA4.2PostWWItothe1940s•Thebooming1920s–The1920selection—thefirstforwomenvotedforapresidentialcandidate.–prevailingprosperityABriefHistoryoftheUSA•TheGreatDepression–In1929thestockmarketcrashed.•Coreoftheproblem—immensedisparitybetweentheproductivecapacityandtheabilityofpeopletoconsume4.2PostWWItothe1940sABriefHistoryoftheUSAFranklinD.Roosevelt’sNewDealIn1933Rooseveltralliedthepeopletothebannerofhisprogram,knownasthe“NewDeal”.Ithelpedthecountrygetoutofthedepression“firesidechat”4.2PostWWItothe1