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1.Someoftheanimalssufferedfromtrombidiasis.Trombidiasis------mitedisease2.salesweredownquiteabitforDecemberbecauseofthenumberofdaysofheavysnowfall.Salesweredownby20percentinDecemberbecausetheheavysnowfallhadlastedfor20days.3.weshallendeavortoascertainwhetherheispecuniarilymotivatedinhisrecommendation.Weshalltrytomakesurewhetherheismotivatedformonetaryreasonsinhisrecommendation4.thereisaconsiderableamountoftimeneededforcollectingdatawhichwillbeadequateforwritingthisreport.Aconsiderableamountoftimeisneededforcollectingdata,whichwillbeadequateforwritingthisreport.一、单句写作首先语法和词汇一定要正确,否则外国人是看不懂的;然后努力做到地道。比如:“这台机器的体积很小。”Thevolumeofthismachineisverysmall.×Thesizeofthismachineisverysmall.(正确)Thismachineisverysmallinsize.(地道)同样,“这些设备体积很不相同。”Thesizesofthesedevicesarequitedifferent.(正确)Thesedevicesdiffergreatlyinsize.(地道)“这个仪器的特点是体积小、重量轻。”Thefeaturesofthisinstrumentaresmallsizeandlightweight.(正确)Thisinstrumentischaracterizedbyitssmallsizeandlightweight.(地道)***一些博士生及教授投到国外的论文,评阅人的意见往往是:“WhatisdescribedinyourpaperisO.K.ButyourEnglishisprettypoor.Pleaseimproveit.[…,pleaserewritethepaperentirely.]”“(Your)Englishisverybad.Notonlythewording,butthesentencestructureissometimeshardtofollow.ITMUSTbereeditedseriously!”论文中的句子经常出错的主要方面:1、用词(wording)“实验结果”“experimentresults”,而英美人习惯用“experimentalresults”;“理论分析”“theoryanalysis”而应该用“theoreticalanalysis”;“中期报告”写成了“middlereport”而应该用“interimreport”;“电流是用安培来度量的。”写成了“Currentismeasuredwithampere.”而应该写成“Currentismeasuredinamperes.”等等。2、词汇搭配(wordcollocations)这是相当难掌握的内容,它涉及到名词(前后)与介词的固定搭配、形容词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配等等,希望读者在阅读英美科技书刊时要特别留意,并且应该摘记下来,以便在撰写论文时加以套用。如:“无线电波朝四面八方传播。”写成了“Radiowavestraveltowardalldirections.”而应该为“Radiowavestravelinalldirections.”“把激光束射向月球。”写成了“Laserbeamsareemittedtothemoon.”而应该为“Laserbeamsareemittedatthemoon.”“图1画出了输出随输入的变化情况。”写成了“Fig.1drawsthecaseofoutputvaryingwithinput.”而应该写成“Fig.1showsthevariationofoutputwithinput.”有人写成“Fig.1showshowtheoutputvarieswiththeinput.”“解这个方程的必要条件”写成了“thenecessaryconditionsofsolvingthisequation”而一般用“thenecessaryconditionsforsolvingthisequation”来表示的。“为了提高我们产品的质量”写成了“inordertoraisetheequalityofourproducts”而应该写成“inordertoimprovethequalityofourproducts”,等等。(1)theratioofAtoBtheeffect[influence]ofAon[upon]BtherelationshipofAtoBthedistanceofAfromBtheadvantageofAoverB(2)thevariationofAwithBtheinteractionofAwithBthepassageofAthroughBtheprojection投影ofAon[upon]Bthemotion运动ofAround[around]BtheresponseofAtoBthedependenceofAon[upon]Bthedeviation脱离ofAfromB(3)thecomparisonofAwithBthetransformationofAto[into]BtheexposureofAtoBtheseparationofAfrom(into)Btheresolution溶解ofAintoB3、句型(sentencepatterns)英国的科技英语专家说,英美科学家和科技人员喜欢使用一些特定的句型。这些一般属于书面语言,同样,读者在阅读科技书刊时要留意并把它们记录下来用到自己所写的论文中去。如:“(所谓)线性工作指的是放大器以很小的失真或无失真地放大信号的能力。”Bylinearoperationismeanttheabilityofanamplifiertoamplifysignalswithlittleornodistortion.“这就是人们所说的针灸。”Thisiswhatisreferredtoasacupuncture.二、科技英语写作的主要特点1.longbutsimplesentencesbyoftenusingphrasesinsteadofclauses(句长而简单)2.compactinsteadofloose(紧凑而不松散)3.sentencepatternspreferredbyscientistsandengineers(句型)4.impersonalexpressions(sopassivevoiceiswidelyused)(无人称句)下面我们先练一下单句的写法(用英语语法分析一下汉语句子,然后用正确的英语句型来表达):(1)本文对其性能(performance)作了初步的(initial)分析。Aninitialanalysisofitsperformanceismade(inthispaper).(2)这台计算机所储存的信息比那台的多三倍。Thiscomputerstoresfourtimesmoreinformationthanthatone.(3)这个电路的工作情况(operation)类似于图1-10的电路。ThiscircuitissimilarinoperationtothecircuitofFig.1-10.(4)物体越热,其辐射(radiate)的能量就越多,这一点在工程上是很有用的。Thehotterabody(is),themoreenergyitwillradiate,afact[something]thatisveryusefulinengineering.(5)(所谓)弹性(elasticity)指的是物体形变(deform)后恢复其原状的趋势(tendency)。Byelasticityismeantthetendencyofanobjecttoreturntoitsoriginalconditionafterbeingdeformed.(6)当时最重要的成就之一是人们认识到了水银是金属。Among[Oneof]themostimportantachievementswastherealizationthatmercuryisametal.(7)这主要是由于地球并不是球面状(spherical)而引起的(dueto)。Thisisduemainlytothefactthattheearthisnotspherical.(8)人们所说的力的三要素(element)在我们学习力学(mechanics)中起着重要的作用。Whatarecalledthethreeelementsofaforceplayanimportantroleinourstudyofmechanics.(9)没有人了解我们称之为生命的那个特征(characteristic)。Nobodyknowsthecharacteristic(that)wecalllife.(10)这取决于电流流动的容易程度(ease)。Thisdependsontheeasewithwhichacurrentflows.我们再练一下段落的写法:(1)我们在后面将会看到,在一物体转动期间它停留在某个地方是可能的。值得一提的一点是,一切物体可能经受(undergo)最一般的那种运动(motion)是平动(translation)和转动(rotation)的结合。但尚不清楚究竟如何来分析这种运动。Asweshallseelater,[Weshallseelaterthat]itispossibleforabodytoremaininoneplacewhileitisrotating[duringitsrotation].Afact[point]worthmentioningisthatthemostgeneralkindofmotionabodymayundergoisacombinationoftranslationandrotation.Butitisnotclearyethowitisthatthiskindofmotionisanalyzed.(2)第二运动定律提供了度量人们所说的物体的“惯性质量”(inertialmass)的一种方法。人们只需要把同样的力依次(inturn)加到一个质量标准上和一个未知质量上,然后比较它们的加速度(acceleration),这可以在宇宙中任何地方进行而能获得相同的结果。Thesecondlawofmotionprovidesamethodformeasuringwhatiscalledthe“inertialmass”ofabody.Alloneneedstodo[Allthatisnecessary]is(Itisonlynecessary;Oneneedsonly)toapplyinturnthesameforcetoastandardofmassandtoanunknownmass,andthencomparetheiraccelerations,something[afact]thatcanbedoneanywhereintheuniversewiththesameresults.MistakeCorrectionorImpr
本文标题:科技英语写作
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