合同法2CISG-jade

Exercises:1.Whatarethedefinitionandrequirementofanoffer?2.Whatarethedefinitionandrequirementofanacceptance?3.Statetherulesofconsideration.4.Accordingtocommonlaw,whatarethecircumstancesthatmadespecificperformancenotavailable?ChapterFiveLawofInternationalSaleofGoods国际货物买卖法I.IntroductiontoCISGII.FormationofContractforInternationalSaleofGoodsIII.ObligationsoftheSellerandBuyerIV.RemediesforBreachofContractV.PassingofRiskI.IntroductiontoCISG1.WhatisCISG?CISG:theUnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoods《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》HistoryofCISG----draftedby?----Whenandwherediditopenforsignature?----What'stheaimofCISG?----Whendiditenterintoforce?(fortheU.S.andChina?)----Howmanycontractingparties/states(缔约国)totheCISG?(upto2008)----Whichdevelopedcountryhasn'tratifiedCISG?2.Scope/FrameworkoftheCISGTheCISGiscomposedof101Articlesthataredividedintofourparts:CISGSphereofApplicationandGeneralProvisionsFormationoftheContractSaleofGoodsFinalProvision3.Applicability（适用范围）oftheCISG(1)Directapplication.ThroughArticle1(1)(a),theCISGapplieswhenbothpartiestothecontractofsalehavetheirplacesofbusinessindifferentstatesthatarebothcontractingstates.PlacesofbusinessFacts:thecontractisbetweentwoChinesecompaniesnegotiatedentirelywithinChinabutoneofthemhadaplaceofbusinessoutsideChinathecontractwasformedwiththatbranchandtobeperformedoutsideChina.Issue:DoesCISGgovernthistransaction?PlacesofbusinessDecision:Yes,itis“placesofbusiness”thatdetermines“international”ornot.Nationalityofindividuals/locationofnegotiation/placeofdeliveryisnotadeterminatefactorfor“international”.(2)Indirectapplication.AccordingtoArticle(1)(b),Evenifoneorbothpartiesdonothavetheirplaceofbusinessinacontractingstate,theCISGmightstillapply“whentherulesofprivateinternationallaw(国际私法)leadtotheapplicationofthelawofacontractingstate”.“如果国际私法规则导致适用某一缔约国的法律”SphereofApplicationArticle1(1)ThisConventionappliestocontractsofsaleofgoodsbetweenpartieswhoseplacesofbusinessareindifferentStates:(a)whentheStatesareContractingStates;or(b)whentherulesofprivateinternationallawleadtotheapplicationofthelawofaContractingState.(2)ThefactthatthepartieshavetheirplacesofbusinessindifferentStatesistobedisregardedwheneverthisfactdoesnotappeareitherfromthecontractorfromanydealingsbetween,orfrominformationdisclosedby,thepartiesatanytimebeforeorattheconclusionofthecontract.(3)NeitherthenationalityofthepartiesnorthecivilorcommercialcharacterofthepartiesorofthecontractistobetakenintoconsiderationindeterminingtheapplicationofthisConvention.第一章.适用范围第一条(1)本公约适用于营业地在不同国家的当事人之间所订立的货物销售合同：(a)如果这些国家是缔约国；或(b)如果国际私法规则导致适用某一缔约国的法律。(2)当事人营业地在不同国家的事实，如果从合同或从订立合同前任何时候或订立合同时，当事人之间的任何交易或当事人透露的情报均看不出，应不予考虑。(3)在确定本公约的适用时，当事人的国籍和当事人或合同的民事或商业性质，应不予考虑。(3)Optingout(退出)Article6ThepartiesmayexcludetheapplicationofthisConventionor,subjecttoarticle12,derogatefromorvarytheeffectofanyofitsprovisions.双方当事人可以不适用本公约，或在第十二条的条件下，减损本公约的任何规定或改变其效力。(4)Optingin(决定参加)Twoleves:a)Partiesinnon-contractingstatescanagreethattheCISGorlawofcontractiongstateisapplicabletotheircontract.b)PartiesincontractingstatescanalsoagreetheinrcontractshouldbegovernedbyCISGrulesdespitethefactthatitisnotasalecontractfallingundertheCISG.(5)Exclusions(Article4-5)TheCISGdoesnotapplytovarioustypesofquestionsasfollows:1)Exclusionofquestionsofvalidityofthecontract.2)Exclusionofquestionsofeffectonproperty.3)Exclusionofquestionsofliabilityduetodeathorpersonalinjury.ThisConventiongovernsonlytheformationofthecontractofsaleandtherightsandobligationsofthesellerandthebuyerarisingfromsuchacontract.Inparticular,exceptasotherwiseexpresslyprovidedinthisConvention,itisnotconcernedwith:(a)thevalidityofthecontractorofanyofitsprovisionsorofanyusage;(b)theeffectwhichthecontractmayhaveonthepropertyinthegoodssold.Article4第四条本公约只适用于销售合同的订立和卖方和买方因此种合同而产生的权利和义务。特别是，本公约除非另有明文规定，与以下事项无关：(a)合同的效力，或其任何条款的效力，或任何惯例的效力；(b)合同对所售货物所有权可能产生的影响。Article5ThisConventiondoesnotapplytotheliability（责任、义务）ofthesellerfordeathorpersonalinjurycausedbythegoodstoanyperson.本公约不适用于卖方对于货物对任何人所造成得死亡或伤害的责任(6)Reservation（保留）ChinamakestworeservationstowardstheprovisionsunderCISG;1)regardingthereservationtowardstheapplicablescopeofCISG.2)regardingthereservationtowardstheformofacontract..4.SalesofGoodsUndertheCISG(Article2-3)WhatdoesgoodsmeaninCISG?WhatdoessalesmeaninCISG?(1)GoodsTheCISGappliesonlytoasaleofgoods.First,itexcludesinternationalconsumersalesof“goodsboughtforpersonal,familyorhouseholduse.”(供私人、家人或家庭使用的货物)Second,theCISGspecificallyexcludescertainspecifickindsofsalessuchassalebyauction,andcertainspecifickindsofgoods,suchasstocks,electricity,ships,hovercraft,andaircraft.Third,theCISGexcludessalesofgoodswherethebuyersuppliesa“substantialpart”ofthe“materials”necessaryforproduction.买方供应生产所需的大部分重要材料的合同Fourth,salesofmanufacturedgoodsareexcludedwherethe“preponderantpart”oftheobligationsofthesupplierareintheformoflabororotherservices.供应货物一方的绝大部分义务在于供应劳力或其它服务的合同(2)SalesTheCISGappliestoallcontractsforthesalesofgoodsexceptfor:1)Goodsboughtforpersonal,familyorhou