常见化学物中英文对照

1元素符号中文名称英文名称Al铝aluminumAg银silverAr氩argonAu金goldB硼boronBa钡bariumBe铍berylliumBr溴bromineC碳carbonCa钙calciumCl氯chlorineCo钴cobaltCr铬chromiumCu铜copperF氟fluorineFe铁ironGa镓galliumGe锗germaniumH氢hudrogenHe氦heliumHg汞mercuryI碘iodineK钾potassiumKr氪kryptonLi锂lithiumMg镁magnesiumMn锰manganeseN氮nitrogenNa钠sodiumO氧oxygenP磷phosphorusPt铂platinumRa镭radiumRn氡radonS硫sulfurSc钪scandiumSe硒seleniumSi硅siliconSn锡tin2中文英文还原剂reducingagent氧化剂oxidizingagent电解质electrolyte离子反应ionicreaction强电解质strongelectrolyte弱电解质weakelectrolyte离子方程式ionicequation放热反应exothermicreaction焰色反应flametest物质的量amountofsubstance摩尔mole相对分子质量relativemolecularmass相对原子质量relativeatomicmass摩尔质量molarmass气体摩尔体积molarvolumeofgas物质的量浓度amount-of-substanceconcentrationofB可逆反应reversiblereaction核电荷数nuclearchargenumber电子云electroncloud原子序数atomicnumber两性氢氧化物amphoterichydroxide两性氧化物amphotericoxide元素周期律periodiclawofelements元素周期表periodictableofelements周期period族group（主族：maingroup）核素nuclide同位素isotope离子键ionicbond共价键covalentbond化学键chemicalbond非极性分子non-polarmolecule非极性键non-polarbond极性分子polarmolecule极性键polarbond同素异形体allotrope化学反应速率chemicalreactionrate化学平衡chemicalequilibrium勒夏特列原理LeChatelier'sprinciple电离平衡ionizationequilibrium盐类的水解hydrolysisofsalts3化合物中文英文硫酸钠sodiumsulphide碱金属alkalimetal碳酸钠sodiumcarbonate碳酸氢钠sodiumbicarbonate二氧化锰manganesedioxide氯化钾potassiumchloride氯化氢hydrogenchloride氯水chlorinewater硝酸银silvernitrate次氯酸钾potassiumhypochlorite氢氟酸hydrogenchloride淀粉碘化钾试纸starchpotassiumiodidepaper碘化钾potassiumiodide四氯化碳carbontetrachloride溴化钠sodiumbromide氯化铝aluminiumchloride氢氧化铝aluminiumhydroxide氧化铝aluminiumoxide臭氧ozone过氧化氢hydrogenperoxide二氧化硫sulphurdioxide氯化钡bariumchloride品红magenta或fuchsine硝酸钡bariumnitrate二氧化硅silicondioxide碘化钠sodiumiodide溴水brominewater氯化镁magnesiumchloride氮族元素nitrogengroupelement二氧化氮nitrogendioxide氨ammonia铵盐ammoniumsalt氯化铵ammoniumchloride碳酸氢铵ammoniumbicarbonate碱石灰sodalime硫氰化钾potassiumthiocyanate醋酸钠sodiumacetate氯化铁iron(III)chloride氧化铁iron(III)oxide4中文英文烃hydrocarbon有机化合物organiccompound甲烷methane结构式structuralformula取代反应substitutionreaction饱和链烃saturatedaliphatichydrocarbon同系物homo1og烷烃alkane同分异构体isomer烃基hydrocarbonyl不饱和烃unsaturatedhydrocarbon乙烯ethene加成反应additionreaction溴的四氯化碳溶液solutionofbromineincarbontetrachloride溴水brominewater高分子化合物polymer加聚反应additionpolymerization聚合反应po1ymerization烯烃alkene乙炔ethyne炔烃alkyne苯benzene芳香烃arene磺化反应sulfonationreaction硝化反应nitratlonreaction石油Petroleum分馏fractionaldistillation裂化cracking裂解pyrolysis煤coal干馏drydistillation烃的衍生物derivativeofhydrocarbon官能团functionalgroup乙醇ethanol醇alcohol消去反应eliminationreaction酚phenol甘油glycerol乙醛ethana1银镜反应silvermirrorreaction醛aldehyde5