五年高考真题2018-2013语法填空专题

一、语法填空的考查范围：•1语境(上下文）；•2语法：动词（时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式）、名词、代词、冠词、介词、连词、固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。.语法填空题—空格设计纯空格有提示词给出了动词的试题词类词义转换题1谓语动词（时态和语态、语气）2非谓语动词3词类转换名词:单复数、所有格、词性转换形容词/副词：比较级或最高级、词性或词义转换代词：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词数词：基数词、序数词（注意：词形变化类，词性不一定要变有可能考查与词根意义相反的派生词：un-,im-,in-,-less）1代词it或其它代词2连词或从句的引导词3介词或表逻辑关系的副词4冠词(a/an/the/)5情态动词，强调助动词等6特殊句式：强调句型itis…that…;therebe句型；感叹句型how\what;倒装句型知识贮备：各种词类和句子成分时态和语态谓语和非谓语虚拟语气特殊句式简单句、并列句、复合句(三大从句)二、语法填空的能力要求：•1.阅读/理解语篇的能力•2.分析句子结构的能力•3.熟练运用语法的能力•4.单词拼写能力和逻辑推理能力等，对中下层考生来说，难度较大。三、重点复习：掌握句子的基本结构和词法基础、时态语态、非谓语动词、三大从句首先，我们必须熟练掌握简单句的基本句型结构：（1）主语+系动词+表语（2）主语+谓语（3）主语+谓语+宾语（4）主语+谓语+双宾语（5）主语+谓语+宾语+宾补其次，我们要充分了解充当各个句子成分的典型词类：（1）充当主语或宾语的典型词类是名词或代词。此外，还有动名词、不定式短语等。（2）充当谓语的一定是动词。（3）充当补语或表语的典型词类是形容词、名词、介词短语。（4）在名词前作定语的典型词类是形容词或形容词性物主代词。（5）作状语的典型词类是副词再次，我们还要掌握句子的扩展结构：两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号，就必须要用连词，否则句子的结构就不完整。连词主要有以下四类：（1）用and,but,or,while(而，却)，when（就在这个时候）等构成并列句。（2）用if,unless,before,after,until,although,though,as,since,because,so,sothat等构成含状语从句的复合句（这里要注意区分一下复杂句和复合句，复合句是带有从句的句子）。（3）用who,which,that,when,where,why等构成含定语从句的复合句。（这里要提醒考生的是往往不给任何提示的空就是填连词或关系词的，但也须结合句子结构来分析。）（4）用that,if/whether(是否)，wh-等构成含名词性从句的复合句。1．有提示词。主要是动词、形容词、副词以及名词动词需要注意动词的时态、语态、人称和数的变化、非谓语动词，虚拟语气。有时可能出现多点的综合，如willbebuilt,hasbeenbuilt…;形容词和副词的相互转换及比较级的运用；名词的单复数，或根据句法要求所进行的各类词类之间的变换等2．无提示词。主要是冠词、介词、代词、连接词、情态动词。首先，要分析句子结构，根据句子结构所缺的成分确定是哪类词。然后，根据全文大意和上下文的逻辑关系来确定什么词。二、真题发布（2018全国课标卷I）•Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears61(long)thannon-runners.Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong62(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63________(die)earlybyrunning.•Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67(cause).•Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise...it’sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto68(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉)，avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit’salways69(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70atry.二、真题发布（2018全国课标卷I）•Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears61(long)thannon-runners.Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong62(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63________(die)earlybyrunning.•Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67(cause).•Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise...it’sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto68(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉)，avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit’salways69(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70atry.61.longer.62.tosee63.dying64.is65.than66.that/which67.causes68.strengthen69.energetic70.it/running二、真题发布（2018全国课标卷II）•DietshavechangedinChina-andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry61____(grow)morecornthanrice。Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover__62__past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.•Atasteformeatis63_____(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn'srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice64_______(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater_65_____riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased66_____(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.•AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal67_____(globe)fertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005——whenthegovernment68__(start)asoil-testingprogram69______givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers——and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China'sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile70_____(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebank'sJuergenVoegele.二、真题发布（2018全国课标卷II）•DietshavechangedinChina-andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry61____(grow)morecornthanrice。Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover__62__past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.61.hasgrown62.the63.actually64.toimprove•Atasteformeatis63_____(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn'srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice64_______(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater_65_____riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased66_____(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.65.than66.pollution67.global68.sta