CEFR对汉语测试研发的启示

CEFR对汉语测试研发的启示*方绪军本文首先简要介绍欧洲语言能力等级共同量表(CEFR)的制定过程及其对语言测试的作用,再讨论不同的汉语水平测试研发在等级设定和分数解释方面存在的一些问题,最后提出制定共同的汉语能力等级量表的基本方案CEFR语言能力汉语测试量表(CEFR)!,,,(TheLanguagePolicyDivision),,,∀#(theCommonEuropeanFrameworkofReference,CEFR),1975,vanEk∀#(ThresholdLevelSpecification),∀#,∀#(WaystageLevelSpecification)1991,1995∀#(VantageLevelSpecification),,,(A1)(A2)(B1)(B2)(C1)(C2)200111,,,,13620072(80)*(:06BYY027)(:T0405)(:06ZS28),,::(),:1)41,,,,,,,2)100,1000,,,3)Rasch,Rasch,,,;∀#;,(cutoff)∀#(candostatement),∀#(C2)∀#:∃,,∀#(A1)∀#:%,,,,,CEFR,,,CEFR,CEFR(Figueras,eta.l,2005)1990(theAssociationofLanguageTestersinEurope,ALTE),,,200111,ALTEALTE,31(26),,,UniversityofCambridgeESOLExaminationsGoetheInstitutPrfungssystemALTE,CEFR137:CEFR&ALTECEFR,∀#:,(overallgeneralability)(ALTEsocial&touristtypicalabilities)(ALTEworktypicalabilities)(ALTEstudytypicalabilities),∀#;∀/#∀#∀#,∀#CEFR,,,CEFR,ALTE,ESOLCEFRESOL()CEFR∋CEFRDIALANG(DiagnosticLanguageTests),,(,2004),,,,CEFR,∀#,(Weir,2005),CEFR2.1,,(HSK)(MHK),(CPT)AP,AP,,(HSK)11,(MHK)4,(CPT)7:1)∀#∀#(13820072(80)),∀#∀#∀#(,2002:33):,,,,,∀#∀#∀#∀#∀#∀#2),,HSK():(;;;;∀#∀#∀#∀#,,,,,,∀#()∀#(),∀#()∀#(),∀#()∀#(),,,,,:∀#,∀#,∀#,∀#,,,3),,,,500,1000:0-100,;101-200,;201-300,;301-400,;401-500,,100200,139:CEFR,,2.2,,,(),,(HSK),(MHK),HSKMHK,,,,(CPT)(HSK)(1)1CPTHSKCPTHSK117106958473625143211CPTHSK,CPTHSK,,(CPT,HSK),CPT17HSK410,,HSKCPT,,,CEFRCEFR,,,CEFR,(Hasselgreen,2005)14020072(80),,,,,,,()(AsiaTEFL)IkuoKoikeCEFR∀#(TheCommonAsianFrameworkforLanguages),∀,10,/#(,2006)(2005),(2005),,,:1),,2),(),3),,∀#4),,,,,,5),()141:CEFR6),,,,,,,,,,7),,∀#,,8),,,,,,,,,,,(,),,,,,,,!CEFR(2005)∃://://(80)∋(2005HSK()(1996),:(1997),:(2005),:(2004)DIALANG)))14,7(2002)(1),:C.Weir(1998),:(2005)(AproposaltoestablishAsianlevelframeworkofEnglishlanguageproficiency),AcademicForumonEnglishLanguageTestinginAsia,HongKong.(2002),:(2005),:(2006):)))AsiaTEFL3,2(2006),:AmericanEducationalResearchAssociation,AmericanPsychologicalAssociation,NationalCouncilonMeasurementinEducation(1999)Standardsforeducationalandpsychologicaltesting.NewYork:AmericanEducationalResearchAssociation.Bachman,L.F.(1990)Fundamentalconsiderationsinlanguagetesting.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.Figueras,N.,B.North,S.Takala,N.VerhestandP.V.Avermaet(2005)RelatingexaminationstothecommonEuropeanframework:Amanua.lLanguageTesting22.3,261-279.Hasselgreen,A.(2005)Assessingthelanguageofyounglearners.LanguageTesting22.3,337-353.Little,D.(2005)ThecommonEuropeanframeworkandtheEuropeanlanguageportfolio:Involvinglearnersandtheirjudgementsintheassessmentprocess.LanguageTesting22.3,321-336.vanEk,J.&L.G.Alexander(1975)ThresholdlevelEnglish.Oxford:PergamonPress.Weir,C.J.(2005)LimitationsofthecommonEuropeanframeworkfordevelopingcomparableexaminationsandtests.LanguageTesting22.3,281-300.方绪军,文学博士,上海师范大学对外汉语学院副教授从事对外汉语教学及研究工作,并在上海交通大学外国语学院博士后流动站从事语言测试的原理及实践研究,已发表论文三十余篇(通讯地址:200234上海师范大学对外汉语学院)143:CEFR