对废弃电子电器产品的环保要求

2019/8/51EnvironmentalProtectiveRequirementsonwasteelectronic&electricalproducts对废弃电子电器产品的环保要求DarrylYun2019/8/52WEEE&RoHS-Theyareresourcedmainonpoliticalreason,thenaretheenvironmentaltarget他们是主要源于政治原因，其次才是环境的目的-Theyarethenewbarrier,他们是新的壁垒*WEEEmorelikethetariffwall,theinvisiblewalltoincreaseyourcost.WEEE更象是关税壁垒，犹如一堵无形的墙增加你的支出。*RoHSmoreliketheTBT;theenvironmentalrelatedcertification,similarasthesafetycertificationbutmisty.RoHS更象是技术性贸易壁垒，环境认证就与安规认证相似，但更模糊。2019/8/53WEEEDirective2002/96/EEC2019/8/54WhyWEEEDirective?为什么要有WEEEAbout90%oftheEEEwasteisland-filled90%的电子废弃物被填埋Landfill填埋96%MechanicalRecycling机械循环利用率3%EnergyRecovery能源再生率1%TotalCollectedinW.Europe(1999)--764,000tonnes欧洲总的回收量(1999年)–76.4万吨2019/8/55Aproducerresponsibilitydirective.Itaimsto:一个生产者承担责任的指令。它的目的在于：Reducethewastefromelectricalandelectronicequipment减少来自电子设备的废弃物IncreaserecoveryandrecyclingratesofWEEE增加废弃电子电器产品的再生和循环使用。ImproveenvironmentalperformanceofalloperatorsinvolvedinthelifecycleofWEEE提高废弃电子电器产品全部生命周期中所涉及到的所有操作者的环保执行情况Objective目的Objective目的Resource资源Product产品Resource资源Today今天Future将来Product产品Landfill填埋Burning焚烧Throwawayfreely随意丢弃Dispose,Burning,Landfilldesignedlyandcollectionorganically有计划地处置/焚烧和填埋,以及有组织地收集Recovery再生Reuse再利用Recycling循环使用2019/8/57Scope–General范围-一般CoversdiscardedEEE包括:Designedtooperateatamaximumvoltageof1,000Va.c.or1,500Vd.c;最大工作电压不超过1000Va.c或1500Vd.c，通过电流、电磁场、发电机、变压器工作的设备或测量这种电流的设备；和Fallingwithin10categoriesofWEEE(AnnexesIA&IB);适用于10类产品Includesallcomponents,sub-assembliesandconsumablesformingpartoftheEEEwhendiscarded—94products.包括产品的所有元件、配件及消耗材料—94个产品品目(有豁免类).ExcludesEEEthatis不包括：PartofequipmentnotcoveredbytheWEEEDirective;不在WEEE指令覆盖范围的设备Specificallyintendedformilitaryuse.军事用途2019/8/58Scope–Categories范围-分类1.Largehouseholdappliances大型家用电器2.Smallhouseholdappliances;小型家用电器3.IT&telecommunicationsequipment;IT及通讯设备4.Consumerequipment;消费性设备5.Lightingequipment;Exceptfilamentlightbulbs&householdluminaires.照明设备（白炙灯泡和家用照明光源除外）6.Electrical&electronictools;Exceptlargestationaryindustrialtools.电子电气工具（大型固定工业用途工具除外）7.Toys,leisure&sportsequipment;玩具、休闲及运动设备8.Medicaldevices;Exceptimplanted&infectedproducts.医疗器材（植入部件或污染处除外）9.Monitoring&controlinstruments;监控设施10.Automaticdispensers.自动售货机2019/8/59Producer’sresponsibility生产者责任1.WEEEfromprivatehouseholds:来自私人用户的WEEE-Producersinstallsystemsfortakebackfreeofcostforfinaluser生产者设立对最终使用者免费的回收体系-Individualorcollectivepossible可以是个别的，也可以是集体的-Producerstakeovercostofreuse,recycling,disposal生产者负责再利用、循环和处理的费用-Distributorsvoluntarily(butfreeofcost)maytakebackWEEE批发者可以回收WEEE(但是是免费的）2.WEEEfromotherthanprivateusers:来自非私人用户的WEEE-Producersresponsibleforcollection,reuse,recycling,disposalandcosts生产者负责收集、再利用、循环使用和处理的费用-Producersresponsibleformanagementcostofhistoricalwaste生产者负责历史性废弃物的管理费用-Memberstatesaswellasusersandproducersmayagreeondifferentfinancing成员国，还有使用者和生产者可以对不同的财务费用达成一致意见2019/8/510ProductDesign产品设计Productdesignsshall产品的设计应当:Allowselectiveremovalofcertainmaterials/components.允许有选择性地淘汰处理某些原料和部件。Permitrepairandend-of-lifedismantlingfortherecovery(reuse&recycling)ofmaterials/components.准许修复或淘汰产品分解出的原料和部件的回收利用（再利用和循环在利用）Notincludedesignfeatureswhichhinderreuse,unlessrequiredforoverridingreasonssuchassafetyorenvironmentalprotection.产品不得有妨碍再利用的设计，除非是出于安全及环保因素考虑2019/8/511RateforCollection,Recovery,Recycling收集，再回收和再循环比例Separatecollection4kgperinhabitantandyearfromhouseholdsAutomaticdispensersLargehouseholdappliances-Recovery:80%-Recycling,reuse*:75%IT&telecommunicationsappliancesConsumerequipment-Recovery:75%-Recycling,reuse*:65%SmallhouseholdappliancesLightingequipmentElectricalandelectronictoolsToys,leisure&sportsequipmentMonitoringandcontrolinstruments-Recovery:70%-Recycling,reuse*:50%MedicaldeviceTobedeterminedby31December20062019/8/512Example例子:RefrigeratorWeight冰箱重量:100kg(Category1)RecoveryTarget再生目标:80%Reuse/RecyclingTarget再利用/循环使用目标:75%Conclusion结论:DisposalasLandfill填埋处置:max.20kgRecoveryasincineration焚烧:max.5kgBackintoresourcestream循环利用:minimum75kgRecovery&RecyclingTargets回收再用和再循环的目标2019/8/513Treatment-SelectiveRemoval处理-选择性除去Allliquids;所有液体CapacitorscontainingPCB’s&PCT’s;含有PCB’s&PCT’s的电容Mercury-containingcomponents;含汞零件Batteries;电池Printedcircuitboardsfrommobilephones;手机的电路板Printedcircuitboardsfromotherdeviceswithasurfacearea印刷电路板面积大于10平方厘米的其他仪器Tonercartridgesetc;碳粉盒等Plasticscontainingbrominatedflameretardants;含溴化阻燃剂的塑料Refractoryceramicfibre-containingcomponents;耐火陶瓷纤维元件Thefollowingmaterials,substances,componentsmustberemovedfromtheproductbythetreatmentfacilities(theinformationshouldbeprovidedbymanufactories)至少下列物质、配制件和组件要必须从任何分类收集的废弃电子电气设备中除去(相关的有毒物质存在部位的信息应由工厂提供)2019/8/514Treatment-SelectiveRemoval处理-选择性除去Cathoderaytubes;阴极射线管Externalelectriccables;外置电线Radioactivesubstances;放射性物质CFC’s,HCFC’s,HFC’s&HC’s;臭氧层消耗物质Liquidcrystaldisplays(LCD’s)withasurfacearea100cm²;表面积大于100平方厘米的液晶显示器LCD’sback-litbygasdischargelamps;液晶背光-气体放电灯；Electrolytecapacitorswhichcontainrelevantsubstanceanddepth≥25mm/diameter≥25/asthesimilarvolumnproportion含相关物质的电解电容器（高度≥25毫米，直径≥25毫米或者按比例类似容积）Gasdischargelamps;气