空间数据挖掘研究综述

3)(02F52033);(BG2004005),:;,,:2007Vol134153)(210016),,4,,,,,ASurveyofSpatialDataMiningResearchHUCai2PingQINXiao2Lin(CollegeofInformationScienceandTechnology,NanjingUniversityofAeronautics&Astronautics,Nanjing210016)AbstractMoreandmorespatialdataareusedwiththedevelopmentoftheinformation,therefore,obtainingthespa2tialknowledgebecomesmoreandmoreimportantandmeaningful,thismakesspatialdataminingbecomeapromisingresearchfiled.Inthispaper,theproceedingsoffourmethodsusedinspatialdatamining,namelyspatialclassificationandprediction,spatialclustering,spatialoutlier,spatialassociationrulesaresystematicallysummarized.Finally,thefuturedirectionsofspatialdataminingarediscussed.KeywordsSpatialdatamining,Spatialclassificationandprediction,Spatialclustering,Spatialoutlier,Spatialassocia2tionrules1(SpatialDataMining,SDM)[1](DataMining,DM),,[2],:(),(),;[3],,,19898,,(KnowledgeDiscoveryinDatabase,KDD),,,[410]1994,GIS,GIS,,GIS,GIS,GIS[11]10,,2,[11],4[12]:2.1[12],;,[2]:,Ester[13],ID3,,41,,,,,,KoperskiHan[9],Relief,,,,,,RoughSet[14],RoughSet,,,[15],[16,17],[18],2.2[2],,,,,,5[2]:(1)(PartitioningMethod)n,k(kn),,k,k2meansk2medoidsCLARANSk2means[19]k,nk,,()k2meansk2medoids[20],,CLARANS[21]NgHan,,maxneighbor,,,,,numlocal,CLARANS,CLARANSCLARANS:CLARANS,(2)(HierarchicalMethod),,,,;,,,BIRCHCUREZhangBIRCH[22],,:(ClusteringFeature)(CF2tree),(CF),Nd{oi},CF=(N,LS,SS),N,LSN,LS=Ni=1Oi,;SSN,SS=Ni=1O2i,,SS,:;,SS,,CURE[23],(3):(),DBSCANOPTICSGDBSCANDBRSDENCLUEDBSCAN[24],,,OPTICS[25],,GDBSCAN[26]DBSCAN,,DBSCAN,,DBSCAN,DBSCAN,DBRS[27],DBSCAN,,51,DBSCAN,DBRS,DENCLUE[28](4),,STINGWaveClusterCLIQUESTING[29],,,:()WaveCluster[30],,,CLIQUE[31],(5),:AutoClass[32];RumelhartZipser[33],,,;,Tung,CODCLARANS[10]CODCLARANSCLARANS,(obstructeddis2tance)AUTOCLUST+[34]VoronoiDelaunay,AUTOCLUST[35],ZalaneO.R.DBCLuC[36],DB2SCANWangXinDBRSDBRS+[37],,42.3,,4[38]:(1),[39],,,,,(2)[40],k2,,,(3)KnorrNg[41]p%d,[42],k2,,n(4)Breunig[43]LOF,,,,,,,()(),,,[44]Moran[45];,,[46]:,;,;Shekhar[4749],,:of(o),Zs(o)=S(o)-ssf(o)o,S(o)oo,S(o)=f(o)-1N(o)pN(o)f(p),sS(o),sS(o),N(o)oS(o)-ss(),oChang2TienLu[50],,,SanjayChawlaPeiSun[51]oSLOM(o),,,2.4Agrawal,Koperski[7],,[12]:61P1P2PnQ1Q2Qm(c%,s%,i%),PiQj,c%s%i%3:,;,;,LizhenWang[52],,L.K.Sharma[53]AnnalisaAppice[54](InductiveLogicProgramming,ILP),[55](FPT2Generate),,,,,Clementin[56][57]RCC,,,QSRSAREsenKacar[58]S.Shekhar[59],,,,,[60][59],,[61]()JinSoungYoo[59],[62],[63],,,,if2then,,;,[64],(SpatialStatistics)(NeuralNetwork)(EvidenceTheory)(FuzzySets)(RoughSets)(GeneticAlgorithm),,,,3,,:(1)10,,,,EM[65],,,NEM[66],(2),,,(3),,,(4),,(5):,(6),,(7),(8),(9)(Object2Oriented,OO),,OO,OO1LuW,HanJ,etal.Discoveryofgeneralknowledgeinlargespa2tialdatabases.In:Proc.FarEastWorkshoponGeographicIn2formationSystems.Singapore,1993.2752892HanJiawei,KamberM.[M].,,.:,20013CressieN.Instatisticsforspatialdata.Wiley2Interscience,19934KoperskiK,HanJ,AdhikaryJ.MiningKnowledgeinGeo2graphicalData[J].IEEETransactiononKnowledgeandDataEn2gineering,1993,10:9039135NgRT,HanJ.EfficientandEffectiveClusteringMethodsforSpatialDataMining.In:The20thVeryLargeDatabasesConfer2ence,Santiago,Chile,1994716EsterM,KriegelHP,etal.Knowledgediscoveryinlargespatialdatabases:Focusingtechniquesforefficientclassidentification.In:AdvancesinSpatialDatabases,Proc.of4thSympSSD95,Berlin:Springer2Verlag,1995.67827KoperskiK,HanJ.DiscoveryofSpatialAssociationRulesinGe2ographicInformationDatabases.In:Proceedingsofthe4thInter2nationalSymposiumonLargeSpatialDatabases(SSD95),Maine,1995.47668KoperskiK,AdhikaryJ,HanJ.SpatialDataMining:ProgressandChallenges.In:SIGMOD96WorkshoponResearchIssuesonDataMiningandKnowledgeDiscovery(DMKD96),Montreal,Canada,19969KoperskiK,HanJ,etal.Anefficienttwo2stepmethodforclassi2ficationofspatialdata.In:Proc.IntlSymponSpatialDataHan2dlingSDH98,Vancouver,BC,Canada,199810TungAKH,HouJ,HanJ.SpatialClusteringinthePresenceofObstacles.IEEETransactionsonDataEngineering,2001,11:35936911LiDR,ChengT.KDG2KnowledgeDiscoveryfromGIS.In:Pro2ceedingsoftheCanadianConferenceonGIS,Ottawa,199412ShashiS,ChawlaS.[M].,,,.:,200413EsterM,KriegelHP,SanderJ.SpatialDataMining:aData2baseApproach.In:SchollMV,ed.Proceedingsofthe5thInter2nationalSymposiumonSpatialDatabases(SSD.97).Berlin:SpringerVerlag,199714,,.RoughSet.,2000,11(5):67367815ShekharS,SchraterP,VatsavaiR,etal.SpatialContextualClas2sificationandPredictionModelsforMiningGeospatialData.IEEETransactionsonMultimedia(specialissueonMultimediaData2bases),200216ChawlaS,ShekharS,WuW.PredictingLocationsUsingMapSimilarity(PLUMS):AFrameworkforSpatialDataMining.In:Proc.ofthe6thInternationalConferenceonKnowledgeDiscover2yandDataMining,Boston,MA,200017ChawlaS,ShekharS,WuWeili,etal.ModelingSpatialDepend2enciesforMiningGeospatialData.In:1stSIAMInternationalConferenceonDataMining,200118HuTianming,SungSamYuan.DataFusioninRadialBasisFunc2tionNetworksforSpatialRegression.NeuralProcessingLetters,2005,21(2):819319MacQueenJ.Somemethodsforclassificationandanalysisofmul2tivariateobservations.In:Proc.5thBerkeleySymposiuminMathematics,UnivofCalifornia,Berkeley,USA,196720KaufmanL,RousseeuwP