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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 初中教育 > 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别(2)
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;•现在完成时强调过去的事情对现在的影响或结果。•例如:Wearegoodfriends(现在情况)•我们是好朋友。•Igottoknowhimin2005.(过去的动作)•我在2005年认识(结识)他•Wehaveknowneachothersince2005.(现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在)•自从2005年来我们就相互认识。•Lindahasabighouse.(现在情况)•Sheboughtthehousetenyearsago.(过去的动作)•Shehasownedthehousefortenyears.•Shehaslivedinthehousefortenyears.(现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在)•2.一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。•一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek,…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等,皆为具体的时间状语。•现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always等,皆不确定或模糊的时间状语。•共同的时间状语:thismorning,tonight,thisNovember,now,already,recently,lately等。•3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.。•一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。•Isawthisfilmyesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了)•Ihaveseenthisfilm.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)•Igotupfivehoursago.•Ihavebeenupforfivehours.(强调结果)•Whydidyougetupsoearly?(强调起床的动作已发生过了)•Whohasn‘thandedinhispaper?•(强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争)•HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.(在团内的状态可延续)•HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.(是团员的状态可持续)•句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday,last,week,in1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。•改错:•Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.•Ihaveseenthefilmtwicelastmonth.saw•for和since的运用for表“经历(一段时间)”,而since表“自从……以来”。•例如:•1.Hehasstayedherefor3hours.•2.Hehasstayedheresince3hoursago.3.Hehasstayedheresince3o’clock.•4.HehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.Fillintheblankswith“for”or“since”:1.Wehavehadthenewcomputer_______aweek.2.HowlonghaveyoustudiedEnglish?IhavestudiedEnglish_______Iwasfive.3.Howlonghashetaughtinthisschool?Hehastaughtinthisschool______1998.4.Howlonghaveyouknowneachother?Wehaveknowneachother______overtenyears.5.Howlonghaveyoukeptyourpetdog?Ihavekeptit______twoyearsago.Ihavekeptit______twoyears.sincesinceforsinceforfor•Theygotmarriedsixmonths_____.•Theyhasbeenmarried_______sixmonths.•Theyhavebeenmarried_____6months____.•IfirstmetSusantwoyears_____.•IhaveknownSusan_____twoyears.•IhaveknownSusan______twoyearsago.•Sueisintheoffice.She’sbeenthere_____threehours.•Suecametotheofficethreehours_____.•Suehasbeenintheoffice_____3hours____.agoforsinceagoagoforsinceforagosinceago•JameshasbeeninCanada______Monday.•JameshasbeeninCanada______fourdays.•JamescametoCanadafourdays_____.•MyaunthaslivedinBrazil_____15years.•MyauntmovedtoBrazil15years_____.•ShehaslivedinBrazil______15years______.•Mikehasbeeninhospital_______October.•Mikehasbeeninhospital______twomonths•Mikecametothehospitaltwomonths______•Hehasbeeninhospital______twomonths___填上since,for或者ago.sinceforagoforagosinceagosinceforagosinceago•already和yet的区别already常用于肯定句中或句末;yet常用于一般疑问句或否定句末。但表惊讶时already也可用于疑问句。例如:•1.Tomhasalreadyfinishedhishome-work.•2.Tomhasn’tfinishedhishomeworkyet.3.What!Haveyoualreadyfinishedit?•Shallweeatlunch?Iam________hungry.•Haveyoumetourforeignteacher_____?•No,not______.•Hasthebellrung_____?•Yes,Ithas________rung.•Thecomputerhasnotbeenrepaired____.•Wehave_______changedtheplanbecauseLindahasn’tmadeuphermind______.Haveyouorderedthetakeawayfood_____?•Yes.Wehave________orderedit.alreadyyetyetyetalreadyalreadyyetyetalreadyyetFillinalreadyoryetwhenneededMultiplechoice.()1.–Hasyourbrotherfoundhislostcar____?-No,hehasn’t.A.stillB.alreadyC.justD.yet()2.Thevisitors_____hereforaweek.A.haveleftB.havecomeC.havearrivedD.havebeen()3.Where____you_____alltheseyears,Jim?A.have,beenB.did,beC.were,beenD.did,stay()4.I’ve____thisdictionary____ayear.A.bought,forB.had,forC.bought,sinceD.had,sinceDDAB()5.You____herebefore,____you?A.neverare,areB.nevercame,doC.haveneverbeen,haveD.werenever,were()6.Thedoctor____toBeijingtwice.A.hasgoneB.hasbeenC.wentD.goes()7.Mymotherhas___madeabigmooncakeherself.A.alreadyB.yetC.justD.always()8.-MrGreenisnolongerworkinghere.He____hereforamonth.A.hasgoneB.hasleftC.hasbeenawayfromD.leftCBACFillintheblankswiththePresentPerfectTense:1.I__________inShenzhenforabout15years.(live)2.He____________heresince1998.(work)3.Bobisn’tin.He_________tothecinema.(go)4.I_________toAustraliathreetimes.(be)5.She___________Englishforaboutfiveyears.(study)6.She___________Englishsince1999.(teach)havelivedhasworkedhasgonehasstudiedhastaughthavebeenhavegonetohavebeentohavebeenin去了某地,不在这里曾经去过某地,已回来呆在某地(多长时间)◆Sheisn’there.Shehasgonetothereading-room.ShehasbeentoShanghaitwice/once/before.ShehasbeeninBeijingfortwoyears.•have(has)goneto意为“到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之,说话时该人不在现场,一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。•----WhereisTom?汤姆在哪里?•----Hehasgonetothebookshop.•他到书店去了。•FatherhasgonetoHongKong.He’llbebackinaweek.•爸爸到香港去了,一星期后回来•II.have(has)beento表示“曾经去过某地”,现在已经不在那里了。可以与just,ever,never等连用。•Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.•我刚才去邮局了。•TimhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.•玛丽从未去过长城。•HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?•你曾经去过杭州吗?•have(has)beento后面可接次数,表示去过某地几次。•IhavebeentoBeijingthreetimes.•我去过北京三次。•TheyhavebeentothatHappyValleysseveraltimes.•他们去过欢乐谷好几次了1.We____________eachotherforabout5years.(know)2._______youever_____toAustralia?(be)No.I______never______there.ButI___________toCanadaonce.haveknownHavebeenhavebeenhavebeenhave(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”,常与表示一段时间
本文标题:一般过去时与现在完成时的区别(2)
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