目的状语和目的状语从句

目的状语和目的状语从句&让步状语和让步状语从句I．目的状语和目的状语从句sothat，inorderthat，incase等词引导目的状语从句，soasto，inorderto，incaseof(doing)sth.引导目的状语e.g1.IshallwritedownyourtelephonenumbersothatImaynotforget.我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。=Ishallwritedownyourtelephonenumbersoasnottoforget.2.We’lltellyouthetruthsothatyoucanjudgeforyourself.我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判断。=We’lltellyouthetruthsoastoletyoujudgeforyourself.3.Theyworkedharderthanusualinorderthattheycouldfinishtheworkaheadoftime.他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能/以便能提前完成工作。=Theyworkedharderthanusualinordertofinishtheworkaheadoftime.4.Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.你必须大点声，别人就能听见了。=Youmustspeakloudersoasto/inordertobeheardbyall.5.Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.最好多穿点衣服，以防天发冷。=Bettertakemoreclothesincaseofbeingcold.6.Theywrotetothebossinorderthattheycouldimprovetheirworkingconditions.他们写信给老板以便他们能改善他们的工作条件。=Theywrotetothebossinordertoimprovetheirworkingconditions.注意点：1.目的状语从句中常用情态动词may(might)can(could),should等放在从句里的动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号.2.用soas(not)todo/inorder(not)todo引导目的状语时,句子的主语往往是有todo这个目的的人.即todo的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致.soas(not)to/sothat引导的目的状语不放在句首3.在incase的从句中不用将来时.用一般现在时代替将来时.少数时候可用shoulddo。Incase与其它目的状语从句不同的是它侧重于将来有可能发生的不幸或不好的事,而其它的目的状语从句侧重于积极的事Iamtakinganumbrellaincaseitrains.IamtakinganumbrellasothatIwillnotgetwet.IamtakinganumbrellainorderthatIwillnotgetwet.though，although引导让步状语从句despite,inspiteof引导让步状语表达同样的意思.e.g.1.Wewerenottiredthough(although)wehadworkedallday.虽然我们干了一天活，但并不累。2.Although(Though)hewasoversixty,(yet)hebegantolearnFrench.虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语。=Despitehisbeingoversixty,(yet)hebegantolearnFrench.3.Heisveryold,buthestillworksveryhard.虽然他很老了，但仍然努力地工作。=Despitehisoldage,hestillworksveryhard.注意点：1.在英语句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以与yet或still连用。though/although意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面。2.though/although/eventhough为连词,引导让步状语从句.3.despite和inspiteof为介词,引导让步状语时后接名词或名词性短语或名词性从句.as/though引导让步状语从句e.g.1.Childas/thoughheis,(=Thoughheisachild,)heknowsalot.虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。2.Coldas/thoughitis,(=Thoughitiscold,)thechildrenplayoutdoors.虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。注意点:as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用though或although引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。evenif/eventhough引导让步状语从句e.g.1.I’llgoevenif(though)itrainstomorrow.即使明天下雨，我也要去。2.We'llmakeatripeventhoughtheweatherisbad.即使天气不好，我们也要去远足。注意点:evenif和eventhough的意思为“即使”“纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。有时也有“尽管”的意思.II．让步状语和让步状语从句nomatter(who,whatwhen,wherewhich,how…)引导让步状语从句nomatter+疑问词或疑问词+后缀ever。e.g.Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.不管发生什么，他不在意。=Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.替换：nomatterwhat=whatevernomatterwho=whoevernomatterwhen=whenevernomatterwhere=wherevernomatterwhich=whichevernomatterhow=howevere.g.1.Doitnomatterwhatotherssay.不管别人怎么说,尽管干。=Doitwhateverotherssay.2.Nomatterhowbusyhewas,hestudiedEnglisheveryday.不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。=Howeverbusyhewas,hestudiedEnglisheveryday.3.Nomatterwhotakesupthematterforme,Ishallbeverygrateful.不管谁为我处理这件事，我都将非常感激。=Whoevertakesupthematterforme,Ishallbeverygrateful.注意点:1.nomatter+疑问词…与wh-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一样，nomatter+疑问词引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后。e.g.1).Whateverhappens/mayhappen,weshallnotloseheart.无论发生什么，我们都不要失去信心。2).Whoevercomes,hewillbewelcome.无论谁来，都会受到欢迎。2.wh－ever从句中的动词有时可以和may连用。3.注意：nomatter+疑问词不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。（错）Nomatterwhatyousayisofnousenow.（对）Whateveryousayisofnousenow.你现在说什么也没用了。（Whateveryousay是主语从句）（错）Prisonershavetoeatnomatterwhatthey'regiven.（对）Prisonershavetoeatwhateverthey'regiven.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。whether…or…不管……都。eg.Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.信不信由你，这确实是真的。