牛津版英语初一语法总结及练习

牛津版英语初一语法总结及练习一、语法1.用begoingto描写不久将发生的事情。例：We”regoinggohavealotofdeliciousfood.我们将吃许多美味食品。2.用情态动词提出礼貌的请求。例：MayIspeakto____,please?我可以和……讲话吗？3.用needto表示需要。例：Sheneedstobuysome…她需要买一些……4.用固定表达表示喜好。例：I”dratherhavemoresnacks.我宁愿再吃一些小吃。5.用副词表示时间顺序和过程。例：Firstly,…/Secondly,…/Thirdly,…第一，……/第二，……/第三，……二、1.介词under在……下underadrippingtapfor为……waitforsb+一段时间forthreedaysby以某种方式bybusbyfixingdrippingtapwithout不带……abookwithoutpictures2.连词if的用法（1）if表示如果,引起条件状语从句。（2）if引起的从句如果是一般现在时，那么主句会是将来时，祈使句或含情态动词。eg:Ifthereisnorain,therewillbenowatertodrink.Don”twatchtoomuchtelevisionifsomethingiswrongwithyoureyes.Ifhecomes,youcango.3.祈使句（1）表示命令或请求。Comehere.（2）祈使句中动词用原形。Let”sgo.（3）分类Don”rundownstairs.Let”sgotoschoolbybus.Givemeanapple,please.三、1.When的用法（1）用作特殊疑问词，对时间段或点进行提问（什么时候）在对时间点提问时与whattime可以替换：Wegettoschoolatsix.When(Whattime)doyougettoschool?（2）连词when当……时主句是情态动词，从句用一般现在时。Whatcanweseewhenthereisatyphoon?When作连词接一般过去时从句Theyweretalkingwhentheteachercamein.与Whiletheyweretalking,theteachercamein.（3）方式副词的用法1.构成adj+lytight—tightly紧紧地slight–slightly轻轻地quick—quickly迅速地fierce—fiercely猛烈地immediate—immediately立刻light—lightly轻轻地happy—happily高兴地gentle—gently轻柔地用法：用于修饰动词，放在行为动词后。eg:Theyflewtheirkitehappilyinthegentlebreeze.Theleavesblewslightlyinthewind.四、1.情态动词canmaymust的用法canmaymust+动词原形can表示能力，能够做……may表示可能或可以must则表示必须，与haveto可替换，但must强调主观推测mustbe表示推测2.介词inonatoutside的用法3.There引导的therebe句型（1）therebe句型thereis+单数名词/不可数名词thereare+复数可数名词（2）Therebe句型中be有就近一致的用法Thereisapenandtworulers.Therearetworulersandapen.（3）Therebe句型表示某地存在某物（4）Therebe与have的区别，Therebe强词某地有某物，而have强调所属，但有时可替换。Therearefivefloorsinthebuilding.=Thebuildinghasfivefloors.五、被动语态：▲意义：当谓语表示一个动作，主语和它可以有两种不同关系，即主动关系和被动关系，表示被动关系时叫被动语态。▲特点：动作执行者在被动语态中可以由介词by引导。eg：Historyismadebypeople.▲构成：be+动词的过去分词eg:Itismadeofwood.▲一般现在时的被动语态is/are+过去分词eg:Theyarerespected(尊重)byeverybodyinthecountry.▲一般将来时的被动语态willbe+动词过去分词Itwillbefinishednextweek.▲一般过去时的被动语态was/were+过去分词ItwasbuiltbyEarlymen.▲主动语态变被动语态（1）原句中主语变为宾语，原句宾语变主语，变后的宾语由by引导（2）注意时态,选择be的适当形式（3）原句中动词变为过去分词例：LuXunwrotethisbookin1919.ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXunin1919.六、时态：一般现在时与一般过去时一般现在时一般过去时定义表示经常习惯的动作表示过去经常习惯的动作构成主+动原（或单三）+其它主+过去式+其他标志词（1）every……（2）onSunday(1)last……(2)yesterday(3)……ago否定句主+don”t/doesn”t+动原+其他主+didn”t+动原形+其他一般疑问句Does/Do+主+动原+其他Did+主+动原+其他注：动词过去式的构成规则变化：1.动词后直接+ed�walk�walked2.以e结尾+d�close�closed3.双写词尾+ed�stop�stopped4.以辅音加y结尾�y变i+edcarry�carried常见的不规则变化is—wascatch—caughtare—weredrive—drovego—wenttake—tookdo—didfind—found七、1.介词nextto紧挨着opposite在……对面near在……附近between……and……在……与……之间2.提建议的几种方法（1）Shallweputthetablenexttothewindow?（2）Whataboutputtingitoverthere?（3）Wouldyouliketoputitoverthere?（4）Let”sputitoppositethesofa.（5）You”dbetterputitoppositethesofa.八、1.一般疑问句分类：（1）含有be动词的一般疑问句变法，be动词提至主语前。例：Heisateacher.Isheateacher?(2)含有情态动词的一般疑问句变法，情态动词提至主语前。例：Hecanswim.Canheswim?(3)含有行为动词的一般疑问句变法，在主语前加Does/Do/Did，动词变回原形。例：HewatchesTVeveryday.DoeshewatchTVeveryday？Theygotoschoolbybus.Dotheygotoschoolbybus？Theywenttothebeachyesterday.Didtheygotothebeachyesterday？2.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句常见的特殊疑问词howlong多久what什么howfar多远where哪里howmuch多少who谁howmany多少whose谁的howsoon多久以后which哪一个(how)如何when什么时候whatcolour什么颜色whattime几点3.现在进行时构成：主+be+动词ingHeisswimming.句型转换：肯定句Heissinging.否定句Heisn”tsinging.一般疑问句Ishesinging?提问：Whatishedoing?动词ing的变法①直接词尾+ingsingsinging②以e结尾去e+ingtaketaking③以一个辅音字母结尾重读闭音节单词sit�sitting4.形容词（1）放在be动词后作表语。（2）放在名词前做定语，It”saninterestingbook.本单元出现的形容词：exciting/busy/interesting/convenient/noisy/peaceful/quiet/pleasant/relaxing九、1.情态动词。(a)情态动词后动词用原形例：Wemustgo.(b)常用的几个情态动词can能够，表示可能性及能力①Icanswim.②Youcangotherebybus.could-can的过去式语气比couldcan委婉，多用于请求，Couldyougivemeanapple?May可以/可能Itmaybeacat.MayIcomein?Must必须Wemustgohomeat5pm.Mustn”t一定不能（表示禁止）Youmustn”ttakeanimalstohisbedroom.Need需要Youneedgotohospitalatonce.注must引起的一般疑问句其否定回答不用mustn”t而用needn”tMustIgonow?No,youneedn”t.2.祈使句（a）无主语Openthedoor.(b)动词用原形Don”trun.(c)常见的几种祈使句①Openthewindow.②Don”tswimintheriver.③Nodogs.④Nosmoking.⑤Let”sgo.3.介词介词inonat区别：（1）表示时间时in+年/日/季节/早晚on+星期/具体日期/具体早晚at+具体时间点in1990/inMay/insummer/inthemorningonMonday/onMay2nd/onacoldeveningat7:00/atnight/atnoon(2)表示地点in在……里intheboxon表示在表面上onthedeskat在具体某点atthecorner十、（一）提建议的几种方法1.Shallwe+动词原形Shallwegotothebeach?2.Let”s+动词原形（Let”snot+动原）Let”shaveabarbecue.3.Wouldyoulike+todoWouldyouliketogocycling?4.Whydon”t+句子Whydon”twegototheconcert?5.Whynot+动词原形Whynothavesomeseafood?6.Whatabout+动ingWhataboutgoingswimming?7.You”dbetter+动原You”dbettergotherebybus.（二）Usedto表示过去常常usedto+动词原形Iusedtospendallmypocketmoney.十一、语法(1)wh特殊疑问句when表示时间what问内容where问地点how问情况如何why问原因who问人根据答句补全问句1.________aretheygoingtodo?Theyaregoingtohaveaninternationalfoodfestival.2.______aretheygoingtodoit?It”sbecausetheywanttoraisemoneyfortheSPCA.3.______aretheygoingtodoit?They”regoingtodoitatschool.4._____aretheygoingtodoit?They”regoingtodoitonSaturday1March.5.____aretheygoingtodoit?They”regoingtomakedifferentkindsoffood.6.____isgoingtohelpthem?Peter”sfatherisgoingtohelpthem.（2）一般将来时begoingto表示打算陈述句主＋be+goingto+动词原形否定主＋be+not+goingto+动词原形提问特殊疑问句＋be+主＋goingto+动原＋其它。I”mgoin