“连词 省略结构”的5种类型

“连词+省略结构”的5种类型下面是2007年福建省高考英语中的一道单选题：Although______myopinion,theoldprofessordidn’tcomeupwithhisown.A.againstB.onC.forD.in此题答案选A。根据句首的although可知，前后两者句意思相反，故against。全句意为：虽然老教授不同意的观点，但他也提不出自己的观点。句中的althoughagainstmyopinion为althoughhewasagainstmyopinion之省略，为“连词+省略结构”的一种。这类结构归纳起来主要有以下几种类型：一、连词+介词Whileatcollege,Deliawroteanovel.上大学时，迪莉娅写了一部小说。Onceintheexaminationhall,heforgotaboutallthis.他一进考场，这一切他都忘了。WhileinLondon,hestudiedtheEnglishlabourmovement.在伦敦时他研究了英国的工人运动。二、连词+形容词Heactedasifcertainofsuccess.他表现得对成功很有把握似的。Ifpossible,letmeknowbeforehand.如果可能，可在事前通知我。Thoughexhausted,hestayeduplate.尽管疲惫不堪，他仍很晚才睡。Wheneverpossible,thechildrenplayoutside.每当可能，孩子们总在外边玩耍。Avoidstructuresofthiskindwhereverpossible.只要可能，都要避免这种结构。Herdaughterswereofsomehelp,howeversmall.她的女儿们总能帮些忙，不管多小的忙。三、连词+现在分词Shetremblealittlewhiledoingso.她这样做时稍稍颤抖了一下。(from)HetendstogetcarriedawaywhenwatchingwrestlingonTV.他一看电视中的摔跤就很兴奋。Theyweresurprisedbyheropennesswhentalkingaboutherprivatelife.她谈起私生活时非常坦率，大家都很吃惊。注：以下两句中的before不是连词，而是介词，其的-ing动词为动名词，而非现在分词：Beforegivingevidencethewitnesshadtotakeanoath.证人作证前要先宣誓。Itwouldbeunwisetobuythehousebeforehavingitappraised.买房子不事先估价是不明智的。四、连词+过去分词Hewillcomeifasked.他如被邀就会来。Whenasked,sheconfirmedthatshewasgoingtoretire.有人问她时，她肯定了她将要退休。Whilelockedupinprison,shewroteherfirstnovel.她在狱中写出了第一部小说。Whentakenaccordingtotheinstructions,thedrughasnosideeffects.若按说明服用，本药无任何副作用。五、连词+不定式Successinbusinessissimplyamatterofknowingwhentotakeachance.商业上的成功就在于把握时机。Smilingpleasantly,thestrangerturnedasiftospeaktome.那个陌生人面带愉悦的笑容，转身向我，似乎想对我说话。【温馨提示】1.“连词+省略结构”通常可视为一种紧缩的状语从句，即认为是省略了从句的主语（与主句主语一致）和主语后的动词be。如：Lookoutforcar’swhen(yourare)crossingthestreet.过街时注意车辆。Heactedasif(hewas)certainofsuccess.他的举止就像一定会成功一样。有时可视为省略了itis（其中的it并非主句主句）。如：(from)lf(itis)possible,pleaseletmeknowbythisevening.如果可能的话，请在今晚以前告诉我。Where(itis)necessary,improvementswillbemade.哪儿需要，就在哪儿改进。2.并不是所有的状语从句都可以用以上办法来紧缩的，如原因从句就不能用这种办法来处理。3.与上面提到的省略结构相似且经常在高考中出现的还有ifnot…这一种形式。如：Hispronunciation,ifnotgood,isatleasttolerable.他的发音如果说不算好，也还过得去。Ifnottoday,tomorrowI’msureyou’llgetananswer.如果今天得不到回信，明天准能得到。Usually,ifnotalways,wewrite“cannot”asoneword.我们即使不总是如此，也通常是把cannot作为一个词来写的。(from)Thisisoneoftheoldestbuildingsintown,ifnottheoldest.这是城里最古老的房屋之一，如果不是最古老的话。请看下现两道高考题：1.Weallknowthat,___B___,thesituationwillgetworse.(全国I)A.notifdealtcarefullywithB.ifnotcarefullydealtwithC.ifdealtnotcarefullywithD.notifcarefullydealtwith2.Thoughhestartedlate,Mr.Guoplayedthepianoaswellas,if___A___,MissLiu.(陕西卷)A.notbetterthanB.notbetterC.nobetterthanD.better【模拟考场】01.When______thetunnelwillbethelongestintheworld.A.completeB.completingC.havingcompletedD.completed02.Although______beforethewar,theengineisstillinperfectorder.A.buildingB.builtC.tobebuildingD.tohavebeenbuilt03.Unless______,thislawwillmakelifedifficultforfarmers.A.tochangeB.changingC.changedD.tobechanged04.Donotleavethebuildingunless_______todoso.A.toinstructB.instructedC.beinginstructedD.instructing05.When______ifhewantedanythingelse,hejustshookhishead.A.askingB.toaskC.askedD.tobeasked06.If______forthispost,youwillbeinformedwithinaweek.A.acceptingB.toacceptC.acceptedD.tobeaccepted07.Theseworkingconditionsareunhealthy,______extremelydangerous.A.ifsoB.ifnotC.soifD.notif08.Herneedsarejustasimportantasyours,______so.A.ifnotmoreB.ifmorenotC.morenotifD.notifmore09.Where______necessary,improvementswillbemade.A.theyareB.weareC.areD.不填10.Shehurriedoutoftheroom,asif______angry.A.wasB.itwasC.gotD.不填11.______payingbycreditcard,pleasepayincash.A.UnlessB.UntilC.SinceD.Before12.Although______tenyearsago,thehousestilllooksnew.A.buildingB.builtC.tobuildD.havingbuilt13.By1977thingswerebeginningtoimprove,______quicklyenough.A.evenifnotB.evennotifC.ifnotevenD.ifevennot【参考答案】01—05DBCBC06—10CBADD11—13ABA