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股骨粗隆间骨折教学查房八区骨科2018-10-21一、汇报病史住院医师:肖吉病例患者:陈志林男77岁八区03床因“右髋部外伤疼痛、活动受限1小时”于2018-10-10,经急诊收入病房病史:患者1小时前行走时不慎跌倒,右髋部着地受伤,当即感右髋部剧烈疼痛,局部未及明显皮肤破溃出血,无法站立、行走,继而局部肿胀,急至我院就诊,查CT示:右股骨上段粉碎性骨折。为进一步诊治,急诊拟“右股骨粗隆间骨折”收入病房。患者受伤以来无头痛,无发热,大小便正常。既往史:既往有低血压病史,否认糖尿病等其他慢性病史。查体:体温36.7℃,脉搏84次/分,呼吸21次/分,血压88/61mmHg。视:右髋部未及皮肤破溃伤口及疤痕,右下肢外旋畸形,末梢血运正常。触:右髋部压痛明显,可及骨擦感,右下肢皮肤感觉正常。动:右髋部活动受限,右足、右踝活动可。量:右下肢稍短缩。实验室及器械检查:CT:右股骨上段粉碎性骨折。诊断:右股骨粗隆间骨折(EvansV)诊疗计划1.患者入院时生命体征平稳,心脑肺肾等重要脏器功能可,内环境稳定,具体情况有待检查结果进一步评估。2.完善血尿粪三大常规、生化组合、血型、凝血常规、输血八项、心电图、心脏彩超、下肢深静脉彩超、全胸片等检查。3.监测生命体征,暂予以活血消肿、补液等对症治疗,下肢皮肤牵引,择期手术,Autar评分属于中风险,予以预防性抗凝等治疗。股骨粗隆间骨折定义及分析主治医师:王震定义:股骨粗隆间骨折是指股骨颈基底至小粗隆下缘之间的骨折。临床表现:伤后髋部疼痛,不能站立或行走。下肢短缩及外旋畸形明显。局部可见肿胀及瘀斑,局部压痛明显。扣击足跟部常引起患处剧烈疼痛。诊断:明显外伤史,患肢疼痛,活动受限。Х线片可确定骨折部位及移位情况。治疗措施:具体治疗方法应根据骨折类型、移位情况、患者年龄和全身情况,分别采取不同方法。Evans'classificationAOclassification治疗方法选择副主任医师:张锋治疗方法牵引疗法适应所有类型的粗隆间骨折。尤其对无移位的稳定性骨折并有较重内脏疾患不适合手术者。手术治疗股骨粗隆骨折的内固定分为髓外固定和髓内固定。髓外固定以DHS和股骨近端锁定加压钢板为主;髓内固定以髓内钉为主,目前应用较多的包括第3代Gamma钉、PFNA)和InterTan)。?内固定物的选择DHS内固定标准的手术方式。但随着更新型内固定方式出现,地位出现动摇,但仍是选择的主要方式。髓内固定方式,更具力学优势GammaNailPFNAInterTan内固定物的选择GammaNail为目前各类髓内钉的制作原型与模板PFNA螺旋刀头,优势明显InterTan近端为2枚绞索设计的螺钉髋关节置换THR早期负重,早期下地活动,减少卧床并发症内固定物的选择结论对于老年股骨粗隆骨折患者,稳定型骨折可选用DHS或Gamma钉;不稳定型股骨粗隆骨折,可根据骨折类型、骨质情况等选用PFNA、InterTan等髓内固定系统。高龄粉碎性股骨粗隆骨折建议行髋关节置换术。徐众华科主任点评IntroductionTheSlidingHipScrew(DHS)isconsideredthegoldstandarddeviceforfixationofstabletrochantericfracturesIncaseofunstableorreverseobliquitypatternfracture,intramedullarynailsseemtobemoreeffectivewithrespecttoDHSfixationofstableorminimalunstabletrochantericfractureswithPFNainapopulationofpatientscomparedtoacontrolgrouptreatedbyDHS.MaterialsandmethodsAprospectivestudywasconductedin71consecutivepatientstreatedbyPFNa(groupA),and69byaDHS(groupB),withameanageof81.6and83.4yearsrespectively.ShortForm12wasadministeredtocheckpostoperativeresults,andthefollowingparameterswereevaluated:rangeofmotion,evaluationofpain,gaitability,X-rays,andTipApexDistanceIndex.MaterialsandmethodsAbout80.4%offracturesweretreatedinthefirst48hoursaftertrauma(earlytiming).Intraoperativedataconcerningbloodloss,operativeandradiologicalexposuretime,andpostsurgicalonsetofcomplicationswereregistered.assistedpassivemotioninbedatthefirstpostoperativeday.Atsecondpostoperativeday,patientswereallowedtoseatinbedperformingactivekneeandankleexercises.Fromthethirdpostoperativedayinstablepatterns,assistedstandingandgaitexerciseswithdeviceswereproposed。MaterialsandmethodsShortForm12wasadministeredtocheckpostoperativeresults,andthefollowingparameterswereevaluated:rangeofmotion,evaluationofpain,gaitability,X-rays,andTipApexDistanceIndex.ResultsConclusionsPFNamaybeconsideredanusefulchoiceforthetreatmentofstableorratherstabletrochantericfracturesaswellasDHS.ThelightsuperiorityofPFNamaybeprincipallyrelatedtoitsmechanicaladvantages.Thanks!
本文标题:股骨粗隆骨折
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