长江流域直播冬油菜氮磷钾硼肥施用效果

作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2013,39(8):1491−1500:[e-mail]“”(2010BAD01B05),(CARS-13),(Hubei-35)()(201203013)*(Correspondingauthor):,E-mail:[e-mail]:E-mail:[e-mail],Tel:[phone]Received():2012-12-17;Accepted():2013-04-22;Publishedonline():2013-05-20.URL::10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.01491长江流域直播冬油菜氮磷钾硼肥施用效果王寅鲁剑巍*李小坤任涛丛日环占丽平,430070:20092010636,,,,,,(NPKB)2001kghm–28205hm–2,(FFP),NPBKNPKB,NPK104.220.4160.2kghm–2NPKB,35.8%22.3%45.9%,20.8%7.2%28.0%,,:;;;;;;EffectsofNitrogen,Phosphorus,Potassium,andBoronFertilizersonWinterOilseedRape(BrassicanapusL.)Direct-sownintheYangtzeRiverBasinWANGYin,LUJian-Wei*,LIXiao-Kun,RENTao,CONGRi-Huan,andZHANLi-PingCollegeofResourcesandEnvironment,HuazhongAgriculturalUniversity,Wuhan430070,ChinaAbstract:OilseedrapeisthedominantoilcropinChina.Direct-sowingmethodhasthegreatsignificanceinincreasingwinteroilseedrapeyieldandguaranteeingnationaledibleoilsecurity.Fieldtrialswereconductedat36sitesintheYangtzeRiverBasintodeterminethefertilizationeffectsofnitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K),andboron(B)onseedyield,economicbene-fit,nutrientuptakeandfertilizersefficienciesofdirect-sownwinteroilseedrape.Thenwecomparedthedifferencesbetweenrec-ommendedfertilizationandfarmers’fertilizerpractice(FFP),andbetweendirect-sowingandtransplantingcultivations.Theob-jectivewastodiscussandofferappropriatesuggestionsoffertilizationmanagementfordirect-sownwinteroilseedrapeinChina.CombinationapplicationofN,P,K,andBfertilizers(NPKB)resultedinthegreatestseedyield(2001kgha–1)andeconomicin-come(8205Yuanha–1),whichweresignificantlyhigherthanthatofFFPtreatment.TheeffectsofdifferentfertilizersonoilseedrapeasNPBK.NutrientuptakeswereobviouslyimprovedinNPKBtreatment,withtheaverageaccumulationof104.2kgNha–1,20.4kgPha–1,and160.2kgKha–1.Inaddition,theapparentrecoveryefficiencyofN,P,andKfertilizerswas35.8%,22.3%,and45.9%inNPKBtreatment,respectively,whichwasconsiderablyhigherthanthatinFFPtreatment(20.8%,7.2%,and28.0%).Overall,ourresultsdemonstratedthatsuitablefertilizationmanagement(combinationapplicationofN,P,K,andBfertilizers)wouldberecommendedintheproductionofdirect-sownoilseedrapeatthecurrentstage.Bothfertilizationtimeandratioshouldbeadjustedtocoordinatewithoilseedrapegrowthandnutrientuptakeregulationunderdirect-sowingcultivation.Keywords:Winteroilseedrape;Direct-sowncultivation;Fertilizerapplication;Seedyield;Economicbenefit;Nutrientuptake;Fertilizerefficiency149239,20101308,22.2%[1]57.2%,40%[2],,80%[3]2070,[4],,,,,,[5],,,[6],,,,[7],,[8-9][10-15],,,,,,,,[16-17],2009201036,,,,,1材料与方法1.12009201036,9,7,2,6pH4.6~8.3,14.8~53.6gkg–10.46~2.92gkg–145.1~203.0mgkg–15.9~51.8mgkg–129.2~242.5mgkg–10.09~0.69mgkg–1(31)(5),9()2()4()10()753()5()599()6:(1)NPKB(,[18]N180kghm–2P2O590kghm–2K2O120kghm–215kghm–2,[10,14,16-17]);(2)PKB();(3)NKB();(4)NPB();(5)NPK();(6)FFP(,20,,N104~367kghm–2,192kghm–2;P2O50~92kghm–2,49kghm–2;K2O6~93kghm–2,51kghm–2;0~30kghm–2,8kghm–2)(N46%)(P2O512%)(K2O60%)(B12%)[18],[16,19-20],40%60%,30%,15%20%FFP,,,80%20%,3,,20m21.2,15,0~20cm,8:1493[21]2.51.0,pHpH;;-;-;0.5molL–1NaHCO3-;1molL–1NH4OAc-;-0.5m2,,60℃H2SO4-H2O2[21],(SEAL,AA3),1.3[22-23],(apparentrecoveryefficiencyofappliedN,REN,%),,REN=(U–U0)×100/F,U,U0,F(agronomicefficiencyofappliedN,AEN,kgkg–1N),,AEN=(Y–Y0)/F,Y,Y0,F(partialfactorproductivityfromappliedN,PFPN,kgkg–1N),,PFPNY/F,Y,F(fertilizercontributionrate,FCR,%)=(–)×100/MicrosoftExcel,DPS,LSDP0.052结果与分析2.11,,NPKB650~3133kghm–2,2001kghm–2,PKBNKBNPBNPKNPKB1097643275282kghm–2,121.4%47.3%15.9%16.4%,NPB≈KFFP1550kghm–2,,,NPKB,,FFPNPKB,(1)(2),PKB,91.7%500kghm–2,19.4%1500kghm–2,100%,600kghm–250%44.4%38.9%表1施肥对直播冬油菜籽粒产量、地上部干重和收获指数的影响Table1Effectsoffertilizersapplicationonseedyieldandagronomicparametersofdirect-sownwinteroilseedrapeat36trialsitesSeedyield(kghm–2)Abovegrounddrymatter(kghm–2)Harvestindex(%)TreatmentRangeMeanRangeMeanRangeMeanNPKB650–31332001±779a2538–112787042±2347a12.7–33.928.2±4.6aPKB28–2033904±560e105–71123340±1912e7.1–33.826.4±5.5bcNKB130–26821358±643d481–98115011±2185d10.1–32.927.1±5.1bNPB417–30031726±745b2205–101076095±2208bc10.8–33.827.9±5.1aNPK175–31281719±787b2236–113026393±2313b4.5–32.926.1±6.3cFFP142–31581550±801c1200–104155644±2564c6.3–33.226.5±5.8bcP0.05ValueswithinacolumnfollowedbydifferentsmalllettersaresignificantlydifferentatP0.05.149439图1直播冬油菜施肥的增产量频率分布Fig.1Frequencydistributionsofseedyieldincreasefordirect-sownwinteroilseedrapewithfertilizersapplicationat36trialsites,69.4%300kghm–2,91.7%40%,169.4%400kghm–2,86.1%50.0%,600kghm–2100%11.1%16.7%,,,2.22,NPKB,8205,6228hm–2,,FFPNPKB1849hm–21239hm–237782263488919hm–2,2.091.7%69.4%30.6%52.8%(3),NPBK2.3PKBN(3),N(4),PKNPKB,104.220.4160.2kghm–2,NPKB,PKBNKBFFPNPKB,2.4NPKBFFP(4)FFP,,8:1495(5),NPKB88.9%15%,10%20%83.3%FFP50.0%27.8%33.3%,,图2直播冬油菜施肥的增产率频率分布Fig.2Frequencydistributionsofseedyieldincreaseratefordirect-sownwinteroilseedrapewithfertilizersapplicationat36trialsites表2施肥