永磁同步电机SPWM控制器设计

摘要I摘要本文主要介绍了利用正弦脉宽调制技术对永磁同步电动机进行恒压频比开环调速的控制器功率设计。正弦脉宽调制技术是常用的一种脉宽调制技术，用一系列脉冲宽度按正弦规律变化的脉冲代替正弦波。本文介绍了基于面积等效原理，采用查表法，利用MSP430单片机生成正弦脉宽调制（SPWM）波的方法。在功率电路中，以半桥驱动器IR2103s为驱动芯片，驱动N沟道场效应晶体管IRF540N构成逆变桥，将直流电逆变为交流电通入三相正弦永磁同步电动机。在调速中，采用分段同步调制技术对电机进行调速。在调试过程中，应用直流电动机H型主电路可逆脉宽调速的原理对原有的控制器功率电路的性能进行调试测试。关键词：正弦脉宽调制；永磁同步电动机；MSP430单片机；分段同步调制IIABSTRACTThispaperdescribedtheopen-looppowercontrollerdesignforpermanentmagnetsynchronousmotorbyusingsinusoidalpulsewidthmodulationtechnique.Sinusoidalpulsewidthmodulationtechniqueiscommonlyusedasakindofpulsewidthmodulationtechnology,withaseriesofpulsesinsteadofthesinewaveandthewidthofthepulsesarechangingassinusoidal.Introductionwasmadetothemethodofsinepulsewidthmodulation(SPWM)wavegeneratedbytablesearching,whichisbasedonareaequivalenceprinciple.Inthepowercircuit,thehalf-bridgedriverchipIR2103swasusedtodriveN-channelfieldeffecttransistorIRF540Nwhichconstitutedtheinverterbridgesothatthecurrentfedthree-phasesinusoidalpermanentmagnetsynchronousmotor.Thesub-synchronousmodulationtechniquewasusedtoregulatethemotorspeed.Duringthecommissioningprocess,theperformancetestoftheoriginalcontrollerpowercircuitwaswithH-typemaincircuitDCmotorreversiblePWMspeedcontrolprinciple.KEYWORDS:Sinepulsewidthmodulation;Permanentmagnetsynchronousmotor;MSP430singlechip;Sub-synchronousmodulationtechnique目录III目录1绪论......................................................................................................................................11.1课题的研究背景和意义...............................................................................................11.2课题对象的特点及控制要求.......................................................................................21.3课题任务和要求...........................................................................................................31.3.1课题的主要任务.....................................................................................................31.3.2课题的基本要求.....................................................................................................31.4设计思路.......................................................................................................................32控制器硬件设计..................................................................................................................52.1概述...............................................................................................................................52.2硬件电路的设计...........................................................................................................52.3元器件的参数和功能...................................................................................................62.3.1电力场效应晶体管.................................................................................................62.3.2半桥驱动器IR2103s..............................................................................................72.3.3光电耦合器6N137.................................................................................................82.4印制电路板的设计及注意事项...................................................................................92.5本章小结.....................................................................................................................103控制器软件设计................................................................................................................113.1正弦脉宽调制技术.....................................................................................................113.2SPWM波的生成方法..................................................................................................123.2.1计算法和调制法...................................................................................................123.2.2异步调制和同步调制...........................................................................................123.2.3自然采样法和规则采样法...................................................................................133.3SPWM波生成的软硬件环境及实现方法..................................................................143.3.1SPWM波生成的硬件环境...................................................................................143.3.2SPWM波生成的软件环境IAR...........................................................................153.3.3MSP430的编程方法和SPWM波的生成...........................................................163.4本章小结.....................................................................................................................184控制器的调试及运行结果................................................................................................194.1控制器的软硬件完成情况.........................................................................................194.2调试中出现的问题.....................................................................................................204.3直流电动机可逆脉宽调速H桥主电路.....................................................................21IV4.4直流电动机H桥主电路可逆脉宽调速调试及运行结果.........................................214.5本章小结.....................................................................................................................235结论与展望...............