工程常用词汇

1结构工程常用词汇混凝土：concrete钢筋：reinforcingsteelbar钢筋混凝土：reinforcedconcrete（RC）钢筋混凝土结构：reinforcedconcretestructure板式楼梯：crankedslabstairs刚度：rigidity徐变：creep水泥：cement钢筋保护层：covertoreinforcement梁：beam柱：column板：slab剪力墙：shearwall基础：foundation剪力：shear剪切变形：sheardeformation剪切模量：shearmodulus拉力：tension压力：pressure延伸率：percentageofelongation位移：displacement应力：stress应变：strain应力集中：concentrationofstresses应力松弛：stressrelaxation应力图：stressdiagram应力应变曲线：stress-straincurve应力状态：stateofstress钢丝：steelwire箍筋：hoopreinforcement箍筋间距：stirrupspacing加载：loading抗压强度：compressivestrength抗弯强度：bendingstrength抗扭强度：torsionalstrength抗拉强度：tensilestrength裂缝：crack屈服：yield屈服点：yieldpoint屈服荷载：yieldload屈服极限：limitofyielding屈服强度：yieldstrength屈服强度下限：lowerlimitofyield荷载：load横截面：crosssection承载力：bearingcapacity承重结构：bearingstructure弹性模量：elasticmodulus预应力钢筋混凝土：prestressedreinforcedconcrete预应力钢筋：prestressedreinforcement预应力损失：lossofprestress预制板：precastslab现浇钢筋混凝土结构：cast-in-placereinforcedconcrete双向配筋：two-wayreinforcement主梁：mainbeam次梁：secondarybeam弯矩：moment悬臂梁：cantileverbeam延性：ductileity受弯构件：memberinbending受拉区：tensileregion受压区：compressiveregion塑性：plasticity轴向压力：axialpressure轴向拉力：axialtension吊车梁：cranebeam可靠性：reliability粘结力：cohesiveforce外力：externalforce弯起钢筋：bent-upbar弯曲破坏：bendingfailure屋架：rooftruss素混凝土：non-reinforcedconcrete无梁楼盖：flatslab配筋率：reinforcementratio配箍率：stirrupratio泊松比：Poisson’sratio偏心受拉：eccentrictension偏心受压：eccentriccompression偏心距：eccentricdistance疲劳强度：fatiguestrength偏心荷载：eccentricload跨度：span跨高比：span-to-depthratio跨中荷载：midspanload框架结构：framestructure集中荷载：concentratedload分布荷载：distributionload分布钢筋：distributionsteel挠度：deflection设计荷载：designload设计强度：designstrength构造：construction简支梁：simplebeam截面面积：areaofsection浇注：pouring浇注混凝土：concreting钢筋搭接：barsplicing刚架：rigidframe脆性：brittleness脆性破坏：brittlefailure2土木工程常用英语术语第一节一般术语1.工程结构buildingandcivilengineeringstructures2.工程结构设计designofbuildingandcivilengineeringstructures3.房屋建筑工程buildingengineering4.土木工程civilengineering5.公路工程highwayengineering6.铁路工程railwayengineering7.港口与航道工程port(harbour)andwaterwayengineering8.水利工程hydraulicengineering9.水利发电工程（水电工程）hydraulicandhydroelectricengineering10.建筑物（构筑物）constructionworks11.结构structure12.基础foundation13.地基foundationsoil;subgrade;subbase;ground14.木结构timberstructure15.砌体结构masonrystructure16.钢结构steelstructure17.混凝土（砼）结构concretestructure18.特种工程结构specialengineeringstructure19.房屋建筑building20.工业建筑industrialbuilding21.民用建筑civilbuilding;civilarchitecture22.公路highway23.公路网highwaynetwork24.高速公路freeway25.干线公路arterialhighway26.支线公路feederhighway27.铁路（铁道）railway;railroad28.标准轨距铁路standardgaugerailway29.宽轨距铁路broadgaugerailway30.窄轨距铁路narrowgaugerailway31.铁路枢纽railwayterminal32.铁路车站railwaystation33.港口port;harbour34.港口水工建筑物marinestructure35.通航（过船）建筑物navigationstructure;navigationconstruction36.灯塔lighthouse37.水利waterconservancy38.水利枢纽multipurposehydraulicproject;keywater-controlproject;hydro-junction39.水库reservoir40.水工建筑物hydraulicstructure;marinestructure;maritimeconstruction41.档水建筑物waterretainingstructure;retainingworks42.进水（取水）建筑物intakestructure43.泄水建筑物outletstructure;outletworks;sluiceworks44.输水建筑物conveyancestructure45.整治建筑物rcgulatingstructure;trainingstructurerectificationstructure46.水电站hydro-electricstation;hydropowerstation47.水泵站（抽水站、扬水站、提水站）pumpstation48.过木建筑物（过木设施）raftpassfacilitylogpassfacility49.过钿建筑物（过钽设施）fishpassfacility50.安全设施safetydevice第二节房屋建筑结构术语1.混合结构mixedstructure2.板柱结构slab-columesystem3.框架结构framestructure4.拱结构archstructure5.折板结构folded-platestructure6.壳体结构shellstructure7.风架结构spacetrussstructure8.悬索结构cable-suspendedstructure9.充气结构pneumaticstructure10.剪力墙（结构墙）结构shearwallstructure11.框架—剪力墙结构frame-shearwallstructure12.筒体结构tubestructure13.悬挂结构suspendedstructure14.高耸结构high-risestructure第三节公路路线和铁路线路术语1.公路路线highway2.公路线形highwayalignment3.平面线形horizontalalignment4.纵面线形verticalalignment5.公路选线routeselection6.公路定线routelocation7.平面线horizontalcurve8.竖曲线verticalcurve9.变坡点gradechangepoint10.路线交叉routeintersection11.铁路线路permanentway12.铁路选线railwaylocation13.铁路定线location14.正线mainline15.站线sidings16.最小曲线半径minimumradiusofcurve17.坡段gradesection18.最大坡度maximumgrade319.平面交叉gradecrossing20.立体交叉gradeseparation第四节桥、涵洞和隧道术语1.桥bridge2.简支梁桥simplesupportedgirderbridge3.连续梁桥continuousgirderbridge4.悬臂梁桥cantilevergirderbridge5.斜拉（斜张）桥cablestayedbridge6.悬索（吊）桥suspensionbridge7.桁架桥trussedbridge8．框架桥framebridge9．刚构（刚架）桥rigidframebridge10．拱桥archbridge11．漫水桥submersiblebridge12．浮桥pontoonbridge13．正交桥rightbridge14．斜交桥skewbridge15．跨线（立交）桥gradeseparatedbridge;overpassbridge16．高架桥viaduct17．正（主）桥mainspan18．引桥approachspan19．弯桥curvedbridge20．坡桥Rampbridge21．公路铁路两用桥combinedbridge;highwayandrailwaytransitbridge22．开合桥movablebridge23．单线桥single-trackbridge24．双线桥double-trackbridge25．桥跨结构（上部结构）bridgesuperstructure26．桥面系bridgefloorsystem27．桥支座bridgebearing;bridgesupport28．桥下部结构bridgesubstructure29．索塔（桥塔）bridgetower30．桥台abutment31．桥墩pier32．涵洞culvert33．隧道（洞）tunnel34．隧道洞口（洞门）tunnelportal35．隧道（洞）围岩tunnelsurroundingrock36．隧道（洞）衬砌tunnellining第五节水工期建筑物术语1．坝dam2．坝轴线damaxis3．重力坝gravitydam4．拱坝archdam5．支墩坝buttressdam6．土石坝earth-rockdam;embankmentdam或填筑建成的坝。7．混凝土坝concretedam