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生技4组Project2THEDAOTHATCANBETOLDISNOTTHEETERNALDAOLAOZI(c.6THCENTURYBCE)——生技班Group4Inthe6thcenturyBCE1,Chinamovedtowardsastateofinternalwarfare2astherulingZhouDynastydisintegrated.Thischangebredanewsocialclassofadministratorsandmagistrateswithinthecourts,whooccupiedthemselveswith3thebusinessofdevisingstrategiesforrulingmoreeffectively.ThelargebodyofideasthatwasproducedbytheseofficialsbecameknownastheHundredSchoolsofThought.4译:在公元前6世纪,周朝对中国的统治在一场内战中土崩瓦解。这种转变导致了一种新型社会层级的划分,无论是宫廷里的大臣还是地方官员都致力于研究设计一种策略战术以便更好的统治。这些文人志士所创作的庞大的理论体系就是为人们所熟知的诸子百家。AllthiscoincidedwiththeemergenceofphilosophyinGreece,andsharedsomeofitsconcerns,suchasseekingstabilityinaconstantlychangingworld,andalternativestowhathadpreviouslybeenprescribedbyreligion.Butchinesephilosophyevolvedfrompracticalpoliticsandwasthereforeconcernedwithmoralityandethicratherthanthenatureofthecosmos5.译:这些与希腊哲学的出现一致,以及展现了它们之间一些共有的关系。例如,在变化万千的世界中寻求稳定,以及替代先前被宗教所制定的规则。但是中国哲学是在政治实施的实践中不断发展,所以比起宇宙本质其更加注重伦理道德。OneofthemostimportantideastoappearatthiscamefromtheDaodejing(Thewayanditspower),whichhasbeenattributedtoLaozi(LaoTzu).Itwasoneofthefirstattemptstoproposeatheoryofjustrule,basedonde(virtue),whichwouldbefoundbyfollowingdao(theway),andformsandformsthebasisofthephilosophyknownasDaoism.1BCE:公元前2internalwarfare:内战3Occupiedwith:致力于从事4theHundredSchoolsofThought:诸子百家5Thenatureofcosmos:宇宙本质生技4组译:就在这百家争鸣的时期,最重要的观点之一出现,它出自于《道德经》,是由老子提出的。这是众多首次尝试之一,它以德为基础,并且以道为路径,提出公正准则理论。渐渐地,这种哲学基础以道教的形式被人们熟知。Inordertounderstandtheconceptofdao,itisnecessarytoknowhowtheancientchineseviewedtheever-changingworld.Forthem,thechangesarecyclical,continuallymovingfromonestatetoanother,suchasfromnighttoday,summertowinter,andsoon.Theysawthedifferentstatesnotasopposites,butasrelated,onearisingfromtheother.Thesestatesalsopossesscomplementarypropertiesthattogethermakeupawhole.Theprocessofchangeisseenasanexpressionofdao,andleadstothe10000manifestationsthatmakeuptheworld.Laozi,intheDaodejing,saythathumansaremerelyoneofthese10000manifestationsandhavenospecialstatus.Butbecauseofourdesireandfreewill,Wecanstrayformthedao,anddisturbtheworld’sharmoniousbalance.Toliveavirtuouslifemeansactinginaccordancewiththedao.译:为了了解道的概念,我们需要知道古人是如何看待不断变化的世界的。对他们来说,变化是周期性的,不断地从一种状态变为另一种状态,像日夜交替,春去秋来,所有状态都不是相互独立,而是彼此联系的。此消彼长间,所有状态相互弥补从而构成一个整体。这个变化的过程就是道的表现,并且导致了数百万种不同表现最终构成世界。老子在《道德经》6中说道:人只不过是这众多表现中平凡的一种。但因为人的欲望和自由意志,人们可以逃离这样的道,进而干扰世界的平衡。但良性的生活需要遵循道的规则。Followingthedao,however,isnotasimplematter,astheDaodejingacknowledges.Philosophizing7aboutdaoispointless,asitisbeyondanythingthathumanscanconceiveof.Itischaracterizedbywu(“not-being”),sowecanonlyliveaccordingtothedaobywuwei,literally8“non-action”.BythisLaozidoesnotmean“notdoing”,butactinginaccordancewithnature-spontaneously9and6《道德经》,又名《老子》,由战国时期道家学派整理而成,记录了春秋晚期思想家老子的学说。7Philosophizing:从哲学观点思索,理性的8Literally:逐字地,按照字面上地9Nature-spontaneously:自然的,自发的生技4组intuitively10.Thatinturnentailsactingwithoutdesire,ambition,orrecousetosocialconventions.译:依据【道德经】的内容,跟崇道是一件不容易的事情。理性地思考道是毫无意义的,因为它是超越人的想象无法证实的。它主张的是无(“非存在”),所以我们只能运用道的无为思想来生活,从字面意思上理解就是“无所作为”。对于此,老子不是说什么都不做,而是按照自然发生的规律和直觉。这反过来就需要我们在生活中没有欲望,野心或是依赖社会习俗。“Knowingothersisintelligence;knowingyourselfistruewisdom.Laozi”.译:“知人者智,自知者明。”老子曰。SolittleisknownforcertainabouttheauthoroftheDaodejing,whoistraditionallyassumedtobeLaozi(LaoTzu).Hehasbecomeanalmostmythicalfigure;ithasevenbeensuggestedthatthebookwasnotbyLaozi,butisinfactacompilationofsayingsbyanumberofscholars.WhatwedoknowisthattherewasascholarbornIthestateofChu,withthenameLiErorLaoDan,duringtheZhoudynasty,whobecameknownasLaozi(theOldMaster).SeveraltextsindicatethathewasanarchivistattheZhoucourt,andthatConfuciusconsultedhimonritualsandceremonies.LegendstatesthatLaozileftthecourtastheZhoudynastydeclined,andjourneyedwestinsearchofsolitude.Ashewasabouttocrosstheborder,oneoftheguardsrecognizedhimandaskedforarecordofhiswisdom.LaoziwrotetheDaodejingforhim,andthencontinuedonhisway,nevertobeseenagain.译:很难明确《道德经》的作者是否是传统认为的老子。他被认为是虚构的人物,这表明了这本书不是老子写的,而且事实证明,这本语录是由一些学者共同编写的。众所周知,李耳(老子)是周王朝时期出生的楚国人,并作为一个知识渊博的学者而被人熟识。一些古书记载他是周朝宫廷内的一名档案管理人员,孔子曾向他请教礼仪上的问题。史书记载老子在周王朝衰落时离开王宫,去西方旅行探求僻静的地方。在他越过边境的时候,一名守卫认出了他,并且向他讨教人生哲理。老子为他写了《道德经》,然后继续旅行,从未再出现过。10Intuitively:直觉生技4组
本文标题:翻译&老子(英语)
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