unit-4-style-and-purpose

1Unit4TextAStyleandPurposeRandolphQuirkANewEnglishCourse新编英语教程7高级英语3ANewEnglishCourse7Unit4StyleandPurpose2ContentsBackgroundknowledgeVocabularyLead-indiscussionTextanalysisRhetoricaldevicesStructureDiscussionHomework高级英语3ANewEnglishCourse7Unit4StyleandPurposeBackgroundknowledge•Theauthtor高级英语3ANewEnglishCourse7Unit4StyleandPurpose4Lead-indiscussion:Stylesthefive-pointscaleofformalityinthelanguagestyle(MartinJoos,1961)frozenstyle凝固体，刻板体formalstyle正式体consultativestyle询议体casualstyle随便体intimatestyle亲密体高级英语3ANewEnglishCourse7Unit4StyleandPurpose5StylesThewordsandsentencestructuresawriterchoosesdecidethestyleofhiswriting.e.g.commithomicide–murder–blowawayoffspring–children–kids1)Onthedeceaseofhisfather,Mr.Brownwasobligedtoseekalternativeemployment.2)Afterhisfather’sdeath,Peterhadtochangehisjob.3)Whenhisdaddied,Peterhadtogetanotherjob.高级英语3ANewEnglishCourse7Unit4StyleandPurpose6Styles1)Visitorsshouldmaketheirwayatoncetotheupperfloorbywayofthestaircase.2)Visitorsshouldgoupthestaircaseatonce.3)Wouldyoumindgoingupstairsrightaway?4)Timeyouallwentupstairs,now.5)Upyougo,chaps!高级英语3ANewEnglishCourse7Unit4StyleandPurpose7StylesDiscussion:Factorsinthechoiceofthestyle?•addresser–addressee•subject•setting•medium•…高级英语3ANewEnglishCourse7Unit4StyleandPurpose8StyleConsiderwhatstyleyouwouldadoptwhenwritingthefollowingletters.1)alettertothepresidentofourschooltoalerthimtoaproblemwhichstudentshaveencounteredoncampus2)alettertoanintimatefriendaboutyourtripduringtheNationalDayholiday(makeaphonecalltohim/her)3)alettertoyourmiddleschoolteacheraboutyouruniversitylife4)alettertoappealtostudentstosaveenergy5)abusinesslettertoconfirmyourorder高级英语3ANewEnglishCourse7Unit4StyleandPurpose9Style•Styleofthisarticle?formalnon-professional,easy-to-understandexamples(everydayoccurrence,dailyspeech)高级英语3ANewEnglishCourse7Unit4StyleandPurposeVocabulary•Vocabulary高级英语3ANewEnglishCourse7Unit4StyleandPurpose11StructureI.P1WhatconstrainsauseroflanguageII.P2-7styleandpurposeexamples--pointtoillustrateexamplespointtoillustrateP2P3P4-5P6-7高级英语3ANewEnglishCourse7Unit4StyleandPurpose12TextanalysisP1Readpara.1Whatconstrainsauseroflanguage?•style•theconventionsofcollocation•theconventionsofgrammar高级英语3ANewEnglishCourse7Unit4StyleandPurpose13P1intricacy:complexityco-ordinationinusinglanguage:putwordstogetherconstraint:n.limitation,restrictionv.constrain高级英语3ANewEnglishCourse7Unit4StyleandPurpose14P1neatly:clearlytwofolddivision:twopartsfallintosth.:1)tobeabletobedividedintosth.e.g.Thestoryfallsintothreeparts.fallintothesamecategory/group2)begintobeinacertainstatee.g.fallintoacomafallintoaragefallintoaconversation/discussion/argument高级英语3ANewEnglishCourse7Unit4StyleandPurpose15P1ultimately:thereforegradation:degrees,changesThestylisticrangeofEnglishiswideandultimatelythegradationsareinfinite.paraphrase?TherearesomanydifferentstylesinEnglishthatitisimpossibletoclassifythemneatly.becongruouswith/to:beconformingto,beconsistentwith与……一致高级英语3ANewEnglishCourse7Unit4StyleandPurpose16P1see:makesure确保see(that)e.g.It’suptoyoutoseethatthejobisdone.Pleaseseethatthewindowsareclosedwhenyouleave.Don’tworry.I’llseetoit.conventionsofcollocation:whatwordscanbeputtogetherconventionsofgrammar:rulesgoverningtheformationofsentenceswithreferenceto:accordingto,concerning根据高级英语3ANewEnglishCourse7Unit4StyleandPurpose17P1•Thesisstatement?Whenweareputtingwordstogether,wehavetoseethat…--withreferencetothesamepointonthescale.高级英语3ANewEnglishCourse7Unit4StyleandPurpose18topicsentenceP2P3P4,5P6,7BeforetryingtowritelikeGertrudeStein,wehavetoschoolourselvestoobserveandtouseEnglishwithinthestrictestconventions.Withoutanorm,itisdifficulttorecogniseorpractiseoriginality.Theorderofeventsinourstrategymustbefirsttoobserve…toinsistonthecentralimportanceofkeepinginlinewithactualusage.Frequentandthoroughlyexpectedcollocationsaremostapttostrikeusasclichéswhentheyareusedonoccasionswhich…高级英语3ANewEnglishCourse7Unit4StyleandPurpose19P2topicsentence?paradoxical:contradictory;ridiculousmaywell:verypossibleoriginal:completelynewanddifferent新颖的，独创的thebigprizesgotopeoplewhoareoriginal…:peopleareencouragedandawardedtobecreativeTheprizegoesto….高级英语3ANewEnglishCourse7Unit4StyleandPurpose20P2bynomeans:notatall绝不，并没有e.g.Thisremarkbynomeansshouldbetakenlightly.这次讲话绝不能等闲视之。--AmIwrong?--No,bynomeans.byallmeans尽一切办法e.g.Thisplanmustberealizedbyallmeansbyanymeans无论如何byfairmeansorfoul不择手段bymeansof依靠，用e.g.Hesucceededbymeansofperseverance.高级英语3ANewEnglishCourse7Unit4StyleandPurpose21P2whateverouropinionofthis:nomatterwhatwethinkaboutitcriesof“Look,Mother:nohands!”theartofcyclingametaphortheartofcyclingtheartofwritingcycleateasewriteatwill高级英语3ANewEnglishCourse7Unit4StyleandPurpose22P2school:train,teachobserve:followwithinthestrictestconventions:preciselyinaccordancewithestablishedrules高级英语3ANewEnglishCourse7Unit4StyleandPurpose23P2examplesridingabike(ametaphor)theartofcyclingtheartofwritingpointtoillustrateLearntobeconventionalbeforetryingtobeoriginal.高级英语3ANewEnglishCourse7Unit4StyleandPurpose24P3topicsentence?norm:standa