财务专业英语

SPECIALIZEDENGLISHFinancialManagement专业英语财务管理ContentsChapterOneIntroductionChapterTwoTheoreticalFrameworkunderlyingFinancialAccountingChapterThreeAccountingCycleChapterFourBasicFinancialStatementsChapterFiveTheStatementofCashFlowChapterSixFinancialStatementsAnalysisChapterSevenFinance__DebtFinancingChapterEightFinance__EquityFinancingChapterOne:Introduction、WordsandPhrases:enterprise企业business企业firm公司、商号concernvt.涉及与…有关企业generalpurpose（普遍）通用的criterion标准enhancevt.提高、放大感兴趣returnon回报、报酬returnof回收收回financialposition财务状况financialprogress财务进展internalusers内部信息使用者externalusers外部信息使用者taxaccounting税务会计taxplanning税务筹划incometaxreturn所得税申报表debt-payingability偿债能力liquidity清偿，偿债能力cashflow:inflow流入outflow流出例：aninflowofbankdeposits银行存款的增加、ReadingComprehensionMainIdeas:1.DefinitionofAccounting:businesslanguageinformationsystembasisfordecisions2.TypesofAccountingInformation:(1)FinancialAccounting:①Internalusers②Externalusers:Owners.CreditorsGovernmentalagenciesLaborUnionsSAPAGInsuranceTaxStockholderAdministerjusticeBankAuditorMedia,FinancialanalystAdministratorManagerEmployeeControllerTheborderofdirectorExternalandInternalUsers(2)ManagementAccounting(3)TaxAccounting3.ThreeFieldsofAccountingPrivateAccountingPublicAccountingGovernmentAccounting(nonprofitorganizations)4.Extendingyourknowledge(会计道德）Multiple-choicequestion:P12Q-1.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotdescribeaccounting?a.Languageofbusiness.b.Isanendratherthanameanstoanend.c.Usefulfordecisionmaking.dUsedbybusiness,government,nonprofitorganizations,andindividuals.Q-2.Tounderstandanduseaccountinginformationinmakingeconomicdecisions,youmustunderstand:a.Thenatureofeconomicactivitiesthataccountinginformationdescribes.b.Theassumptionsandmeasurementtechniquesrevolvedindevelopingaccountinginformation.,c.Whichinformationisrelevantfora~typeofdecisionthatisbeingmade.d.Alloftheabove.Q-3.Externalusersoffinancialaccountinginformationincludeallofthefollowingexcept:a.Investors.b.Laborunions.c.Linemanagers.d.Generalpublic.Q-4.Objectivesoffinancialreportingtoexternalinvestorsandcreditorsincludepreparinginformationaboutallofthefollowingexcept:a.Informationusedtodeterminewhichproductstoproduce.b.Informationabouteconomicresources,claimstothoseresources,andchangesinbothresourcesandclaims.c.Informationthatisusefulinassessingtheamount,timing,anduncertaintyoffuturecashflows.d.Informationthatisusefulinmakinginvestmentandcreditdecisions.Q-5Whichofthefollowingareimportantfactorsinensuringtheintegrityofaccountinginformation?a.Institutionalfactors,suchasstandardsforpreparinginformation.b.Professionalorganizations,suchastheAmericanInstituteofCPAs.c.Competence'judgment'andethicalbehaviorofindividualaccountants'd.Alloftheabove.EXERCISEE1-1Yourecentlyinvested$12,000ofyoursavingsinasecurityissuedbyalargecompany.Thesecurityagreementpaysyou7percentperyearandhasamaturitytwoyearsfromthedayyoupurchasedit.Whatisthetotalcashflowyouexpecttoreceivefromthisinvestment,separatedintoreturnonyourinvestmentandthereturnofyourinvestment?E1-2Divideintogroupsasinstructedbyyourprofessoranddiscussthefollowing:a.Howdoesthedescriptionofaccountingasthelanguageofbusinessrelatetoaccountingasbeingusefulforinvestorsandcreditors?b.Explainhowthedecisionsyouwouldmakemightdifferifyouwereanexternalinvestorormemberofanenterprise'smanagementteam.CASEC1-1.Afriendlearnsthatyouaretakinganaccountingcourse.Knowingthatyoudonotplanacareerinaccounting,thefriendasksyouwhyyouarewastingyourtime.Explaintothefriendhowyouandyourfriendswilluseaccountinginformationina.Yourpersonallife.b.Thebusinessofyourfriend,whoplanstobeafarmer.c.Thebusinesslifeofanotherfriend,whoplansacareerinsales.C1-2Ethicalconductandprofessionaljudgmenteachplayimportantrolesintheaccountingprocess.a.Ingeneralterms,explainwhyitisimportanttosocietythatpeoplewhoprepareaccountinginformationactinanethicalmanner.b.Identifyatleastthreeareasinwhichaccountantsmustexerciseprofessionaljudgment,ratherthanmerelyrelyingonwrittenrules.ChapterTwoTheoreticalFrameworkunderlyingFinancialAccountingKeywords,phrases,andspecialtermsP211、WordsandPhrases:intuition直觉力实践性reston/upon=setup建立onaccount=oncredit赊账utility公用事业utilityexpense水电费materiality物质性,重要性encompass围绕,包含constraint强制,约束hierarchy等级制度2、ReadingComprehension(GAAP)(1)AssumptionAccountingentity会计主体Separateentity独立实体Goingconcern持续经营Continueoperation(orcontinuingconcern)measuringunit计量单位monetaryunit货币计量stable-money-unit稳定的货币单位Accountingperiod会计分期Time-period期间概念Periodicity定期(2)Principles:accrualbasis&cashbasisHistoricalcostMatchingRealizationFull-disclosure(adequatedisclosure)ObjectiveConsistencyConservatismMaterialityCost-benefit(3)OrganizationFASB(美）财务会计准则委员会APB会计准则委员会AICPA（美）注册会计师协会3.MainPoints1.Natureofatheoreticalframework2.TheoreticalFrameworkFirstlevel—BasicobjectivesdecisionusefulnessSecondlevel—FundamentalconceptsQualitativeCharacteristicsAccountingElementsThirdlevel—RecognitionandMeasurementConcepts(1.Assumptionsb.Principlesc.Constraints)3.ExtendingKnowledge——IndustryPractic