动词及动词词组辨析

学习必备欢迎下载动词和动词词组辨析上海市风华初级中学沈洁第一部分知识点梳理一、动词辨析1.borrow;lend;keepborrow借入（不能与延续性时间状语连用）常用于borrowsth.fromsb.IborrowedapenfromMaryyesterday.lend借出（不能与延续性时间状语连用）常用于lendsb.sth.或lendsth.tosb.WouldyoulendyourMP4tome?keep保存，保留（引申为“借用”）能和表示时间段的时间状语及howlong等连用HowlongmayIkeepthisdictionary?2.cost;pay;spend;take(形式)主语谓语宾语补语人spendTimeormoneyonsth./(in)doingsth.物或事costmoney事taketimeormoney人paymoneyJane______muchmoneyonpets.ThisTVset______memuchmoney.It______metenminutestogotothepostoffice.We’ll______youinafewdays.3.carry;fetch;take;bringbring某人从某地带来某物carry某人保持拿某物的状态fetch某人往返一趟取得某物take某人将某物从某地拿走She______herbabyinherarms._____therubbishaway.Rememberto______meanumbrella.Goand_______thedictionary.4.invent;discover;createinvent通过想象或实验创造出以前不存在的东Bellinventedthe学习必备欢迎下载西telephonein1876.discover发现早已存在，只是一直未被人发现或知道的东西Shediscoveredthedogunderthedog.create通过想象创造出新的人物形象或戏剧角色Hecreatedmanyfamouscharacters.5.memorize;rememberremember指一件事或印象是在记忆中，多想想可以想得出Hellencouldnotrememberwhenshehadbeensohappy.memorize有意识地去“默记”或“熟记”以留下印象MyEnglishteacheraskedustomemorizethesenewwords.6.raise;riseraise举起，提起，增加（及物动词）Tomraisedhisarmsabovehishead.rise人或物从低处向高处上升，数量增加（不及物动词）Look,thesunisrising.7.lookat;see;watchwatch观看某个正在或将要发生、移动或变化的事物或事件等HeiswatchingTV.see看见某物（强调结果）Itwassodarkhecouldhardlysee.lookat用视线投注在某物上（强调行为）Studentsarelookingattheteacher.8.steal;robsteal暗中偷窃别人钱财（常用stealsth.fromsb.）Mybikehasbeenstolen.rob用暴力抢劫别人财物(常用robsb.ofsth.)Shewasrobbedofherring.9.say;speak;tell;talksay说（着重于所说的话。作及物动词时，后接名词、代词、动词不定式等或that/wh-从句作宾语）Hispassportsaysheis29.speak说（着重开口发出的声音。多作不及物动词，如作及物动词，后接IwassosurprisedthatIcouldnotspeak.学习必备欢迎下载languages）tell告诉，讲给别人听Tellyouthetruth.talk多作连续性的说话和交谈Theyaretalkingbusiness.10.damage;hurtdamage常指车辆、房屋、庄稼等无生命物体受损或毁坏而失掉其价值、用途或外表Hiscarwasdamagedinanaccident.hurt指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上的伤害Hehurthisbackwhenhefell.11.accept;receiveaccept接受（表示接受者经过考虑，愿意接受）Iacceptedtheinvitation.receive收到（强调行为本身，不涉及收受者是否接受）Ireceivedaninvitation.YesterdayI_____aletter______Mary.Idid________hisinvitationbutIdidn’t_______it.12.arrive;get;reacharrive到达（不及物动词，后面跟地点时，必须加介词in或at）IarrivedatNo.2busstop.get到达（后接名词要加to;表示到家用gethome）Whendidyougethomeyesterdayevening?reach到达（及物动词，后面直接跟表地点的名词）TheyreachedLosAngelesonSaturday.二、动词词组辨析1.join;takepartin;attendjoin加入组织Tomjoinedthearmywhenhewas18.takepartin参加活动Healwaystakespartinoutdooractivities.attend出席Heattendedameeting.2.bemadeof;bemadeupofbemadeof由…制成（在成品中可看见原Thetableismadeofwood.学习必备欢迎下载料）bemadeupof由…组成（指各个部分组成整体）Thebridgemodelismadeupofmanypiecesofpaper.3.beusedto;usedtobeusedto(现在)习惯（beusedtosth./doingsth.）I’musedtoworkingwithhimnow.usedto过去常常做某事（usedtodo）Myfatherusedtosmoke.4.happen;takeplacehappen（当主语为”事”）发生happentosb.；（当主语为”人”）碰巧happentodoWhendidtheearthquakehappen?Hehappenedtoknowtheplace.takeplace发生（指事先计划或预想到）；举行某种活动Themeetingtookplaceat8:00asplanned.7.lookfor;findout;findlookfor寻找（强调行动）Kittyislookingforherdog.find找到（强调结果）Ican’tfindmycarkey.findout查明（具体事因，真相等）Hewantedtofindoutwhattheproblemwas.三、其他(1)1.looklookafter照看，照料lookat看lookforwardtodoingsth.期待着looklike看上去像lookout注意留神lookup查寻，抬头看2.putputoff延期puton穿，戴上，上演putout扑灭putup举起，挂起3.taketakealook看一看takeamessageforsb.给某人捎个口信takeup开始从事takeaway拿走takeone’sadvice听从某人劝告takechargeof负责，管理takeholdof抓住takenotes记笔记takeoff脱掉（衣服）起飞takecareof照料takeout取出takeanunderground(train)乘地铁4.turnturnup/down(把音量等)调高、调低turnon/off开、关掉（电灯、电视、收音机等）学习必备欢迎下载turnout结果是，证明是turnover翻（车、页），翻身turninto变成5.getgetalong/on(with)进展，与---相处getback返回getup起床geton/off上、下车getreadyfor为---准备getridof摆脱gettiredof对---感到厌倦getto到达getintothehabitof养成---的习惯6.makemakeadecision作出决定makeafilm拍电影makeafire生火makealiving谋生makeamistake犯错误makeanoise弄出声makefriendswith与---交朋友makefunof拿---开玩笑makemoney赚钱makeprogress取得进步makethebed整理床铺makeupone’smind下决心7.gogoahead向前走，去吧goforaswim去游泳goshopping去购物gohome回家goon继续goonadiet实行节食goonapicnic去野餐goonwith/doingsth.继续做某事goout熄灭goover复习gosightseeing去观光gowrong出错gotobed就寝gotocollege上大学gotoschool上学gotosleep入睡gotothecinema/movie(s)看电影goto(the)hospital去医院（看病）8.keepkeepadiary记日记keepfit保持健康keep---from使---免于keepintouch(with)保持联系keepoff阻挡，不让---接近keepquiet保持安静keepsb.busy让某人忙不停keepdoingsth.继续做某事四、其他（2）1.foraskfor请求carefor照顾、喜欢getreadyfor准备leavefor动身去lookfor寻找payfor付钱preparefor准备searchfor搜查waitfor等待2.awayrunaway逃跑throwaway扔掉takeaway拿走3.ofthinkof想起getridof摆脱gettiredof对---感到厌倦hearof听说runoutof用完、耗尽takeholdof抓住takechargeof负责、管理dieof因—病而死dreamof梦想学习必备欢迎下载4.fromhearfrom收信learnfrom从---学到keepfrom阻止，使---免于protectfrom保护—免受preventfrom妨碍、阻止某人做某事stopfrom阻止---做tellfrom区分、辨别comefrom来自5.offgetoff下车keepoff阻挡，不让---接近putoff延期see---off送行showoff炫耀6.withcommunicatewith与---交流dealwith处理beconnectedto/with与---连接keepintouchwith与---保持联系makefriendswith与---交朋友playwith与---一起玩sharewith分享talkwith/tosb.与---谈话7.ondependon依赖、依靠comeon快，跟我来geton上车goon继续holdon等一等（别挂电话）liveon靠---生playatrickon作弄puton穿，戴上，上演relyon依靠tryon试穿turnon打开8.updressup穿着打扮lookup查寻，抬头看wakeup醒来，叫醒growup成长putup举起、挂起takeup开始从事pickup拾起shupup住口stayup熬夜9.outpickout挑选出pointout指出putout扑灭sellout售完takeout取出turnout结果是、证明是workout做出、算出findout查明真相goout熄灭lookout注意、留神学习必备欢迎下载第二部分练习一、基础练习Choosethebestans