新编英语语法教程第五版1-Sentence-Structure

1.ClauseelementsTheconstructionofthesimplesentenceorclauseorganizedbyagroupofphrasesgoesasfollows:subject+predicateSubject:thetopicorthemeofthesentence/tellingofwhatthesentenceisabout/realizedbyanounphraseoranequivalentofnounphraseLecture1:SentenceStructurePredicate:sayssomethingaboutthesubjectandbearsthenewinformationwhichthespeakerorwriterwantstotransmittoreceivers;amorecomplicatedconstructionconsistingofaverbphrasewithorwithoutcomplementation1)Subject(S)Predicatecanbeanalyzedinto2)PredicateVerb(V)3)Object(O)4)Complement(C)5)Adverbial(A)1）Subject:一句的主体，是全句诉说的对象，常用名词或相当于名词的词担任，一般置于句首。2）PredicateVerb:说明主语的动作或状态的，常用动词担任、置于主语之后。3）Object:表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系的对象，常由名词或相当于名词的词担任、置于及物动词或介词之后。4）complement:用来补充主语和宾语的意义的，一般都注重说明主语或宾语的特征，常由名词或形容词担任Hillwasdeclaredthewinnerofthefight.Iconsiderthebookexpensive.SubjectComplementObjectComplementAttention可用作主语补足语的词语有“形容词、名词、数词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。可用作宾语补足语的词语有“形容词、名词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。5）adverbial:是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的，常有副词或相当于副词的短语或从句担任。具体说来，可用做状语的有：副词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。(2014-TEM4)53.Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisusedasanobjectcomplement?A.Thefrontdoorremainedlocked.B.Theboylookeddisappointed.C.Nancyappearedworried.D.Heseemedtohavenomoneyleft.Practice(2013-TEM4)52.Xinchunreturnedfromaboardadifferentman.Theitalicizedpartfunctionsasa(n)_______.A.appositive(同位语)B.objectC.adverbialD.complement(2012-TEM4)58.Whichoftheitalicizedpartsfunctionsasanobject?A.Hedoesn’tliketheideaofmyspeakingatthemeeting.B.Itisnouseyourpretendingnottoknowthematter.C.Herfallingintotheriverwastheclimaxofthewholetrip.D.Myparentsstronglyobjecttomygoingoutaloneatnight.(2012-TEM4)59.AllthefollowingsentenceshaveanappositiveEXCEPT______.A.Onlyoneproblemstillremains,thefood.B.Sheboughtherselfapairofnewshoes.C.Myfriendsallunderstandandsupportme.D.Shelikedthecurrentjob,teachingEnglish.(2012-TEM4)62.Whichofthefollowingprepositionalphrasescanfunctionasanadverbial?A.Despitetherain,everyoneenjoyedthetrip.B.Themanwithabeardistalkingtothemanager.C.Everyprecautionwastakenagainstthefailureoftheplan.D.AreyousureofSimon’sdisappearance?(2011-TEM4)58.Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisusedasanobject?A.Whatdoyouthinkhashappenedtoher?B.Whodoyouthinkthevisitingprofessoris?C.Howmuchdoyouthinkheearnseverymonth?D.Howquicklywouldyousayhewouldcome?(2010-TEM4)61.InthesentenceIt'snousewaitingforher,theitalicizedphraseis____.A.theobjectB.anadverbialC.acomplementD.thesubject(2010-TEM4)63.Whichofthefollowingsentenceshasanobjectcomplement?A.ThedirectorsappointedJohnmanager.B.IgaveMaryaChristmaspresent.C.YouhavedonePeterafavour.D.SheisteachingchildrenEnglish.(2009-TEM4)64.InHowmuchdoyouthinkheearns?howmuchis______ofthesentence.A.thesubjectB.theadverbialC.theobjectD.thecomplement2.clauseanalysis:Subject+PredicateVerb+(complementation):theirbesthavedoneAllthemenObjectPredicateverbSubjectNPVPNPClauseSentenceSubject+PredicateAllthemendonetheirbesthavePredicationOperatorpredicateSubjectClauseSentenceExercisesDoexercisesonP15-16(Exercise1A)3.BasicclausetypesThecombinationofclauseelements(phrases)arewhollyorlargelydeterminedbythemainverbintheclause,thuswehave:[1]SVC[2]SV[3]SVO[4]SVoO[5]SVOC[1]SVCLinkingVerbbeSenseverb表变化、保持类动词E.g.Thedishtastesdelicious.Thebookonthedeskismine.Manyleavesturnyellowintheautumn.Hekeepsfit.[2]SV[3]SVOIntransitiveVerbTransitiveVerb[4]SVoODitransitiveVerb[5]SVOCComplexTransitiveVerbgive,sell,buy,bring,send,pass,leave,lend,teach,Identifythefollowingsentencepattern1.Hecametohelpmewithmymath.2.Iforcedmyselftogetupthismorning.3.Ihopetoseeyouagainsoon.4.Weshouldremainmodestandprudentatanytime.5.Thiskindoffoodtastesterrible.6.Thepicturelooksmorebeautifulatacertaindistance.7.I’11offeryouagoodchance.8.Wemadehimourspokesman.9.Davidshowedtheprofessorthewaytothelibrary.10.Theplaneislosingaltitude.SVSVOCSVOSVCSVCSVCSVoOSVOCSVoOSVODoexercisesonP19-21(Exercise1C)Exercises