William_Cullen_Bryant_威廉-卡伦-布莱恩特

WilliamCullenBryant威廉-卡伦-布莱恩特(1794-1878)•TheAmericanWordsworth•Oneofthegreatesttranslators:Iliad(伊利亚特)andOdyssey(奥德赛)•DefinerofthecharacterandtoneofAmericanpoetry—lookingtonatureandAmericanlandscapeforevidenceofthedivine.WilliamCullenBryant(1794-1878)•thefirstAmericanlyricpoet1)Worksa)Poems1821b)TheFountain1842《诗选》《泉》Poe’sreputationwasfirstc)TheWhite-FootedDeer1844d)AForestHymn1860e)TheFloodofYears1878《白蹄鹿》《森林赋》《似水流年》f)“ToaWaterfowl”1815g)“Thanatopsis”1817h)“TheYellowViolet”1814《致水鸟》《死亡随想》《黄色堇香花》2）Life•Bryantwasapoet,andeditor.•Hewasbornintoadoctor’sfamilyinMassachusetts.•Hestartedtowritepoemswhenhewas14yearsold.•Bryantquittedhisstudyinuniversityandthenbecamealawyer.•In1825,heturnedtojournalism.In1827,hebecameaneditorforEveningPostandwrotealotofpoliticalcriticism.Butitishispoetrywhichmadehimpopularamongpeople.v•HewasinfluencedbyGraveyardSchoolinEnglandandwrote“Thanatopsis”.•HisbestworksarehislyricpoemsaboutnatureandsohisstyleisquitesimilartothatofWordsworth.•ThemostaccomplishedandpopularAmericanpoetofthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcentury,BryantalsowasthefirstAmericanpoettoreceivesubstantialinternationalacclaim.BryantisconsideredanearlyproponentofRomanticisminAmericanliterature,andhisworkisoftencomparedthematicallyandstylisticallytothatofEnglishRomanticpoetWilliamWordsworth.Opposingeighteenth-centurypoeticconventionsandusingexperimentaliambicrhythms,Bryant'spoetryusuallymeditatesonnatureandthetransienceofearthlythings.•Althoughitsthemeswerefewanditsthoughtnotprofound,Bryant'sversepossessedasimpledignityandanimpeccablerestrainedstyle,mostnotablyinThanatopsis(1817)andToaWaterfowl(1821),thepoemsforwhichheisbestremembered.SinceBryantalsospentmorethanfiftyyearsofhislifeaseditoroftheNewYorkEveningPost,acareerwhichranksamongthelongestinAmericanjournalism,heneverfullydevelopedhispoetictalents.However,Bryant'sliteraryeffortsmakehimanimportant,ifsomewhatoverlooked,figureinAmericanpoetry.布赖恩特•威廉·柯伦·布莱恩特（WilliamBullenBryant,1794-1878），美国诗人和新闻记者。作为美国首位重要的自然派诗人，他经常被称为“美国的华兹华斯”。布莱恩特的作品受沃兹沃斯的影响，不过，他所描述的是美国有代表性的鸟语花香和其他自然美景。《死亡随想》是他在17岁之前创作的，表达了死亡不可避免、人们必须接受的哲学理念。布莱恩特做报社编辑长达50之久，对政治和社会问题很感兴趣。他采用无韵诗的形式翻译了荷马的《伊利亚特》（1870年）和《奥德赛》（2卷，1871-73年），保留了原诗的质朴和庄重。•威廉·柯伦·布赖恩特•布莱恩特出生在马萨诸塞州的库明顿，在九岁之前就开始写诗。《禁运》（1808年）是他发表的第一部诗作，对杰斐逊政府进行了批评。在威廉斯学院读书一年后，布莱恩特成为一名律师。•1821年，布莱恩特在剑桥出版了一部诗集，收入了《死亡随想》、《致水鸟》，及其他早先发表在《北美评论》上的诗作。1824-25年间，他在《美国文学报》上发表了20到30首诗。。•Eachpairofunstressedandstressedsyllablesmakesupaunitcalledafoot.Thelinecontainsfivefeetinall,asshownnext:•12345shallI..|..comPARE..|..theeTO..|..aSUM..|..mer’sDAY?•.......Afootcontaininganunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyllable(asabove)iscalledaniamb.Becausetherearefivefeetintheline,alliambic,themeterofthelineisiambicpentameter.本诗的韵律分析•Ineachstanza,thepoetusesiambictrimeterinlines1and4butiambicpentameterinlines2and3.Thesecondstanzaillustratesthisformat:.•vainLYtheFOWLer’sEYEthreeiambicfeet•mightMARKthyDISTantFLIGHTtoDOtheeWRONG,fiveiambicfeet•as,DARKlySEENaGAINSTtheCRIMsonSKY,•fiveiambicfeet•thyFIGureFLOATSaLONG.threeiambicfeetToaWaterfowl•ToaWaterfowlisalyricpoemofeightfour-linestanzaspresentingthemusingsofapersonobservingasoaringwaterfowl.Bryantcompletedthepoemin1818andpublisheditinacollection,Poems,in1821.AccordingtobiographerParkeGodwin,BryantwastravelingfromCummington,Massachusetts,toPlainfieldwhenhesawahigh-flyingbirdthatlaterinspiredhimtowritethepoem,oneofhismostpopular.ToaWaterfowlWhither,midstfallingdew,Whileglowtheheavenswiththelaststepsofday,Far,throughtheirrosydepths,dostthoupursueThysolitaryway?Vainlythefowler'seyeMightmarkthydistantflighttodotheewrong,As,darklyseenagainstthecrimsonsky,Thyfigurefloatsalong.Seek'stthoutheplashybrinkOfweedylake,ormargeofriverwide,OrwheretherockingbillowsriseandsinkOnthechafedocean-side?ThereisaPowerwhosecareTeachesthywayalongthatpathlesscoast—Thedesertandillimitableair—Lonewandering,butnotlost.Alldaythywingshavefanned,Atthatfarheight,thecold,thinatmosphere,Yetstoopnot,weary,tothewelcomeland,Thoughthedarknightisnear.Andsoonthattoilshallend;Soonshaltthoufindasummerhome,andrest,Andscreamamongthyfellows;reedsshallbend,Soon,o'erthyshelterednest.Thou'rtgone,theabyssofheavenHathswallowedupthyform;yet,onmyheartDeeplyhathsunkthelessonthouhastgiven,Andshallnotsoondepart.He,who,fromzonetozone,Guidedthroughtheboundlessskythycertainflight,InthelongwaythatImusttreadalone,Willleadmystepsaright.Summary•Thepoetquestionswherethewaterfowlisgoing.Hequestionshismotivesforflying.Hewarnsthewaterfowlthathecouldpossiblyfinddanger,travelingalone.But,thiswaterfowlisnotalone.HeknowsthatthewaterfowlisbeingledbysomePower.Asthewaterfowlreachesoutofthenarrator'ssight,thenarratorreflectsonGod'sguidanceinhisownlife.ThenarratorissurethatGodhasledthiswaterfowl,andthatthewaterfowlhadfaithinthenarrator.Now,thenarrator'sfaithisstrengthened.HeknowsthatGodisguidinghimaswell.•Whither,midstfallingdew,Whileglowtheheavenswiththelaststepsofday,Far,throughtheirrosydepths,dostthoupursue•Thysolitaryway?•你要去往何方？露珠正在坠落，天穹闪耀着白昼最后的脚步，远远地，穿过玫瑰色的深处，你求索着孤独的道路。•Vainlythefowler'seyeMightmarkthydistantflig