高等学校研究生英语系列教材-综合教程(上)熊海虹-B篇课文翻译Unit-1

Lawyerspracticeadifficultanddemandingprofession.Theyexpecttobewellcompensated.Inthinkingaboutwhatthatmeans,itcanhelptoconsiderthebasicquestion,whydowework?SamuelJohnsonsuppliedanobviousanswerwhenhefamouslyobserved,Nomanbutablockheadeverwrote,exceptformoney.ButIamnotbeingpaidtowritethisarticle,andinsteadoflabelingmyselfablockhead,letmerefertotheinsightofeminentpsychologistTheodorReik:Workandlove--thesearethebasics.Withoutthemthereisneurosis.律师行业是一种困难而高要求的职业。他们期望好的回报。通过思考它的含义,可以帮助考虑那个基本问题,“我们为什么工作?”塞缪尔·约翰逊曾经在他的一个著名的评论中给出一个明确的回答,“除了傻瓜没有人写道,除了钱什么都行。”但是我没有打算通过写这篇文章赚钱,并不意味这我将自己标签为一个傻子,正如著名心理学家的见解所说:“工作和爱情都是最基本的。不需要他们的是神经病”。Whydowework?Formoney,butalsoforsanity.Weexpectandneedtobecompensatedinnonmonetaryways.Noneconomiccompensationmatterstotop-flightlawyers--otherwise,theywouldhavelongagofledtoinvestmentbanks.Lawfirmsthatwanttorecruitandretainthebest(andthesanest)mustcompensatenotonlyindollarsbutalsoinpsychicgratification.Accordingly,managersofelitefirmsneedtothinkconsciouslyaboutwhatlawyersarelookingforbeyondmoney.Herearesomekeynoneconomicelementofcompensation.我们为什么工作?为了钱,也为了明智。我们期待同时需要得到非货币方式的回报。非经济薪酬对顶级律师而言很重要,否则,他们可能在很久以前就跳槽到投资银行了。律师事务所,想招聘和留住最好的律师必须不仅回报以美元，而且要使其得到精神满足。因此，精英公司的经理需要有意识地思考什么律师正在寻找超越金钱的价值。这里有一些关键的非经济因素的补偿。Professionalidentity专业的身份Manylawyersdefinethemselveswithreferencetotheprivilegesandattributesoftheirprofession.Whenfirmsrecognizeprofessionalprerogatives,theyprovideanimportantformofcompensation.许多律师通过自己职业的特权和属性定位自己。当公司承认专业的特权时,他们就提供了一种重要的回报形式。Forexample,lawyerspridethemselvesonbelongingtoalearnedprofession.Byprovidingopportunitiesforcontinuedintellectualgrowth,lawfirmscansimultaneouslyprovideaformofcompensationandreinforceacorevalueoftheprofession.Thisisn’thardtodo.Organizeandhostseminarswithleadingscholars,supportscholarshipin-housewithresourcessuchasresearchassistanceandcreatevenuesforlawyerstoengageinseriousdiscourse.例如,律师是一种讲学识的职业让他们引以为豪。通过提供持续的知识增长的机会,律师事务所可以同时提供某种形式的回报和加强这一职业的核心价值。这不是很难做到。可以组织和举办领先者学讲座，也可以以诸如研究援助和为律师们供场所从事严肃的讨论的资源提供学术内部支持。Anothercoreprofessionalvalueisautonomy.Alawfirmpayspsychiccompensationwhenitunderstandsandacceptsthatinmattersofprofessionaljudgment,lawyersaretheirownmasters.Inthisregard,firmsshouldencourageadiversityofapproaches,lettingeachlawyerdevelophisorherownstyleofpractice.Empoweringlawyersinthiswayinculcatesaheightenedsenseofpersonalresponsibility,whichinturnreinforcesthedriveforindividualexcellence.另一个核心专业价值是自治。律师事务所在理解和承认专业方面的判断的时候支付精神报偿。律师是自己的主人。在这方面,公司应该鼓励方法多样性,让每个律师有他或她自己的风格的实践。这样授权律师不断灌输高度的个人责任感,进而强化追求个人卓越。Equallyimportanttoprofessionalautonomyisthatfirmsneedtotakecarenottoimpingeonalawyer’sexerciseofconsideredprofessionaljudgment,evenwhenthatmeansrefusingaclients.Inappropriatecircumstances,tellingtheclient“No”isanactofthehighestprofessionalism.Alawyeriswell-paidwiththeconfidencethatthefirmwillstandbehindhimorherinsuchcircumstances.专业自主权的重要同样体现在，企业需要注意不要影响律师被认为是专业判断的行为，即使这种行为意味着拒绝客户。在适当的情况下,告诉客户“不”是一种最高的专业。律师有信心拿高薪,在这种情况下公司应该支持他或她。Lastly,professionalstatusencompassesadherencetoethicalstandards.Mostlawyersfindself-worthinsettinganexample--bothwithintheprofessionandwithinthelargersociety--asethicalactors.Whenmanagementaffirmsthespecialrespectduetolawyerswhoactwiththeutmostintegrityandcivilityinalloftheirprofessionaldealings,itprovidesyetanotherformofcompensation.最后,职业地位包括坚持道德标准。大多数律师像道德演员一样通过树立榜样（在职业和在更大的社会）发掘自我价值。当管理者由于律师们在他们所有的专业交易中都极为完整又端正地按照其专业标准行事而申明对其特别的尊重之时就提供了另一种形式的精神回报。Personalpride个人荣誉Fewofusmakeitthroughtherigorsofalegaleducationwithouthavingadeeplyinternalizedsenseofexcellenceforitsownsake.Lawyerscompensatethemselveswiththepowerfulself-affirmationofajobwelldone.没有深深内化卓越本身，很少有人能通过严格的法律教育。律师通过干好工作的强大的自我肯定来获取自我满足。Asamatterofbothcompensationandreputation,anelitefirmcannotaffordtoimpedethedrivetoexcellence,evenwhenit’snotcosteffectiveintheshortterm.Thismeans,forexample,thatfirmmanagementshouldapplaudthewritingandrewritingofabrieftothehigheststandardevenwhenacynicalperspectivewouldsuggestthattheextraeffortwillhavepracticaleffect.作为一种补偿和声誉，精英公司不能妨碍最求卓越，即使它在短期内不能见效。这意味着，例如，即使一个愤世嫉俗的观点会说额外的努力会有实际的效果，企业管理者也应该赞同制定以及改写的一个简短的最高标准。Alwayscelebratesuperlativeworkproductevenwhenitseemsunlikelytomakeadifferenceintheoutcome.Insteadofkowtowingtoclientdemandsforsuperworkatacut-rateprice,deliverexcellenceandexpecttobepaidforit.总是赞美最好的工作成果,即使这样最终似乎不太可能起作用。而不是磕着头为需要打折的超级服务的客户提供卓越以期望报酬。Idealism理想主义Thinkbacktolawshool.Whorememberstalkingintothemightabouthowtoobtainthehighestprofitsperequitypartner?回想法律学校,谁记得谈论到的如何让每股权合作伙伴获取最高利润的可能性?Morememorablediscussioncoveredthingssuchasadvancementofcivilrights,theprovisionoflegalservicestothepoor,thedevelopmentofamoreequitablesystemoftaxation,thepromulgationofinternationalnormsguaranteeingbasichumandignity.Lawyersthirstforjustice,andslakingthatthirstifisanimportantelementofcompensation.Almostbydefinition,anelitelawfirmsupportsprobonoandpublicserviceeffort,therebyaccomplishingtheintertwinedgoalofcompensatingitsprofessionalsanddischargingitsinstitutionalobligationstosociety.更难忘的讨论涉及到了诸如进步的公民权利,向穷人提供法律服务,更公平的税收制度的发展,国际准则的颁布保证基本的人类尊严等问题。