专题五-强调句和倒装句-冲刺2020年中考：语法

专题五强调句和倒装句知识点讲解A强调句基本句型Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子剩余成分Itishethat/whomajorsinEnglish.ItisEnglishthathemajorsin.ItwasincollegethathemajoredinEnglish.ItisbecausehelovesEnglishthathemajorsinit.注意：1)在强调主语时，that后的谓语动词要与被强调者保持人称和数的一致。如：ItisIwhoamateacher.2)即使被强调的主语是复数，主句中的谓语动词也用单数。如：Itistheywhooftenhelpmewithmylessons.3)原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来的各种时态，用Itis…that(who)…;如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用Itwas…that(who)…4）强调句型容易和句型Itis/was+名词+that名词从句混淆。如果把构成强调句型结构的词Itis(was)…that(who)…去掉，被强调部分归位后，应该能够形成一个完整的句子(这也是判断是否是强调句型的方法)。但后者的Itis/was…that是不可去掉的，否则that前的名词就找不到位置，原句也不再成立，如下面这个句子如去掉Itis/was…that就不再完整：Itwastheruleoftheschoolthatthepupilsshouldweartheirschooluniforms.5）强调句型还容易跟Itis/was+形容词+that名词从句这一句型混淆。如：Itisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain....)that.....该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为”清楚(显然,真的,肯定…)”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.Thathe’sroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear.6)强调句型可有如下变体：Itis/was变成“情态动词+be”。如：Itmaybemybikethatheisriding.Itmusthavebeenthemanagerthatspoketoyou.二、强调谓语动词用助动词do来强调这是最常见的一种方式。当句中没有其他的助动词，我们可以在动词前加do来表示强调。例如：Dobecarefulwiththatvase!务必小心那个花瓶!Idohopeyou’llstayforlunch.我真的希望你留下吃午饭。注意：用于表示强调的do可以有时态的变化，但其后的动词要用原形。Hedoeslooktired.他确实显得很疲倦。Hedidcomebutsoonwentback.他的确来过，但很快就回去了。Shedidwritetosaythankyou.她的确写信向你道谢了。这样用的do只用于现在时或过去式(即只有do,does,did这样的形式)，不能用于进行时、完成时等形式(如不用于isdoing,hasdone等)。B倒装句一、全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有:(1)here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run。Theregoesthebell.Thencamethechairman.Hereisyourletter.(2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.Aheadsatanoldwoman.注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。Herehecomes.Awaytheywent.二、部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前。1句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil…等。Notuntil引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.注意:如否定词不在句首不倒装。Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.Themotherdidn'tleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.2以否定词开头作部分倒装Notonly…butalso,Hardly/Scarcely…when,Nosooner…than.Notonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.3.so,neither,nor作部分倒装以so/neither起首的倒装句,结构为so/neither+谓语(助动词/be动词/情态动词)+主语,用于说明上文所描述的情况也同样适用于下文的人或物。该结构中谓语动词的选择在形式上要和上文的谓语保持一致,数要由下文的主语来决定。注意:在“so+谓语+主语”的结构中,主语是另外的人或物,而在“so+主语+谓语”的结构中,主语仍是上文的人或物,表示对上文所讲事实的肯定或强调。Shecanplaythepiano,soshecan.她会弹钢琴,她的确会。HecansingalotofEnglishsongs,socanshe.他会唱很多英语歌曲,她也是。ShespeaksEnglishverywell,sodoI.她英语说得好,我也是。LiLeihasn’treadthisbook,neitherhasLinFeng.李蕾没看过这本书,林风也没看过。Shehasfinishedthework.SohaveI.她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。Shewillgotoschool.Sowillhe.她将去学校,他也是。4.only在句首要倒装的情况Onlyinthisway,canyoulearnEnglishwell.Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装。Onlywhenheisseriouslyill,doesheeverstayinbed.5.as,though引导的倒装句as/though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前(形容词,副词,分词,实义动词提前)。注意:(1)句首名词不能带任何冠词。(2)句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.注意:让步状语从句中,有though,although时,后面的主句不能有but,但是though和yet可连用6.其他部分倒装(1)so…that句型中的so位于句首时,需倒装。Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.(2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中。Mayyouallbehappy.(3)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were,had,should等词,可将if省略,把were,had,should移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.巩固练习1.Itwasyesterday__________thetwins____________whatTVprogrammestowatch.A.when,arguedwithB.when,arguedaboutC.that,arguedaboutD.that,arguedwith2.Itwasin1969________theAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon.A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.when3.Itisin1960______ChinesefirstputoutflagonMountQomolangma.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.inwhich4.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincethenintheprimaryschool_______Iamstudying.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there5.Itwasinthesupermarket________Imethim.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.who6.LiHong___English.A.doeslikeB.dolikesC.doeslikesD.dolike7._______widethestreetsare!A．WhatB．HowC．Whata8.__________goodtimewearegoingtohaveinthecountry!A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa9.—Jackhasmadegreatprogressrecently.—,and.A.Sohehas;soyouhaveB.Sohehas;sohaveyouC.Sohashe;sohaveyouD.Sohashe;soyouhave.10.—Ifinditveryconvenient（方便）todoshoppingbyusingcreditcards.—_______.A.SoIamB.SodoIC.SoIdoD.SoamI11.Itwasin1969___theAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon.A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.when12.______lovelyweather!Let’sgoonapicnic.A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa13._______________goodtimewearegoingtohaveinthepark!A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa14.It’salongtimeago______Isawyoulasttime.A.whenB.sinceC.forD.that15.--Didyougoskateboardinglastweekend?--Yeah.wehad.A.HowafunB.HowfunC.WhatfunD.Whatafun16.—Hisfatherlikesgoinghiking.—________.A.SoishismotherB.SohismotherisC.SodoeshismotherD.Sohismotherdoes17.Here____________.A.theteacherisB.areyourteacherC.ishe18.—Jimenjoyslisteningtopopmusic.—.A.SodoesHelen.B.AlsoisHelenC.HelenlikesalsoD.SoHelendoes19.–Jimenjoyslisteningtopopmusic.--.A.SodoesHelen.B.AlsoisHelenC.HelenlikesalsoD.SoHelendoes20.—Davidha