新核心综合学术英语教程Unit-4

LanguagePoints•1.Thiswasintendedtomakeanalreadyexistingpracticemoretransparentandtoofferlegalprotectionforthephysicianinvolved,providedstrictlydefinedrequirementsforcarefulpracticeweremet.(Line2-4)•Translation:安乐死在荷兰早已存在，该法案实施使安乐死的做法更加透明，并为参与协助安乐死的医生提供了法律保护。但前提是，医生必须严格按照法律程序办事。•Paraphrase:Ifthephysiciancouldcomplystrictlywiththedefinedrequirementstoexercisecarefulpractice,thisEuthanasiaActwouldlegalizetheexistingpracticeandprotectthephysicianinvolved.■Sentences：LanguagePoints•2.Thisresearchaimedtocomparetherequestsforeuthanasiaposedoverthe5yearsbeforeimplementationwithrequestsoverthe5yearimplementation,usingdatafromtheDutchSentinelPracticeNetwork.(Line8-10)•Translation:该研究的目的是，通过对来自荷兰哨兵实践网络数据的分析，来比较法案实施前五年及后五年里人们请求安乐死的情况。•Paraphrase:Theobjectiveofthisresearchistocomparetherequestsforeuthanasiapresentedover5yearsbeforeandaftertheimplementationoftheEuthanasiaAct,withthehelpofdatafromtheDutchSentinelPracticeNetwork.■Sentences：LanguagePoints•3.Bothunbearablesufferingand,toalessextent,dyspnoeashowedanupwardtrendafter2002,but,similartohopefulnessandpain,differencesbetweenthemeanincidencesbeforeandafterimplementationwerenotstatisticallysignificant.(Line42-44)•Translation:安乐死法案于2002年施行后，病人因难以忍受的折磨和呼吸困难而选择安乐死的情况有所上升，只是呼吸困难这个原因的上升趋势没有那么明显。同绝望与疼痛这两个原因一样，难以忍受折磨和呼吸困难而导致的选择安乐死的平均概率，在法案施行前后并没有明显的差异。•Paraphrase:After2002,bothunbearablesufferinganddyspnoeatookanupwardchange,althoughcomparedwithunbearablesuffering,dyspnoeacausedlessincidences.However,themeanincidencesbeforeandafterimplementationwerenotsignificantlydifferent,whichissimilartothoseofhopefulnessandpain.■Sentences：LanguagePoints•4.ItshouldbenotedthatimplementationoftheActtookplaceafterextendedpoliticalandmediadiscussionandtherefore,mayhavebeenaformalizationofanalreadyexistingpracticeratherthanaturningpointinattitudes.(Line55-57)•Translation:值得注意的是，在政界和媒体的广泛讨论与大量报道后安乐死法案开始施行，所以这个法案的意义更多在于将已存在于荷兰民间的安乐死行为形式化，而不是成为改变人们对待安乐死态度的一个转折点。•Paraphrase:Thenoticeablepointisthefactthatinsteadofactingasaturningpointinattitudes,theimplementationmayhaveformalizedthealreadyexistingpractice,foritwasbasedonthehotandwidediscussionbypoliticiansandmedia.■Sentences：LanguagePoints•5.Inthecurrentstudyitwasfoundthatthepainfactorremainedatthe25%level,showingnosignificantdifferencesbetweenthe5-yearperiodbeforeandafterimplementationoftheEuthanasiaAct,albeit[ˌɔːl'biːɪt]thatinrecentyearspainasareasonforarequestseemedtodecreaseagain.(Line66-69)•Translation:即使近几年疼痛对病人请求安乐死的影响又下降了，但此次研究表明，疼痛因素仍然保持了25%的水平，法案施行前后作为影响请求安乐死的原因，其所占百分比并未发生太大变化。•Paraphrase:Thefindingofthecurrentstudywasthatthepainfactorstayedatthe25%levelandtherewerenosignificantdifferencesbetweenthe5-yearperiodbeforeandafterimplementationoftheEuthanasiaAct,althoughinrecentyearspainasareasonforarequestappearedtodecreaseagain.■Sentences：LanguagePoints•6.Ithasbeendiscussedearlierthatlossofdignityisamajorconcernofdyingpatientsandconstitutesoneofthemainmotivationsbehindeffortstoimprovepalliativecareandpromotethegoalofagooddeath.•Translation:早前研究表明，对于临终病人来说，他们主要关心的是尊严丧失的问题，这促使医护人员进一步改善姑息治疗，并努力帮助病人实现安稳死亡、尊严死亡。•Paraphrase:Earlierresearchhasshownthatpatientsintheterminalphaseoflifecaremuchaboutthelossofdignity,whichmotivatesefforttopromotepalliativecareandpreservethedignityofdeath.■Sentences：LanguagePoints■WordsandPhrases:•physician-assistedsuicide安乐死•meanincidence平均概率•amountto总计•ALS=amyotrophic[eɪmaɪə'trɒfɪk]lateralsclerosis[sklə'roʊsɪs]肌萎缩性侧索硬化症•COPD=chronicobstructivepulmonary['pʌlməneri]disease慢性阻塞性肺疾患•MS=multiplesclerosis多发性硬化症•musculardystrophy['dɪstrəfi]肌肉萎缩症•cardiovascular[ˌkɑːrdioʊ'væskjələr]disease心血管疾病•neurodegenerative[ˌnjuːrəʊdɪ'dʒenərətɪv]disease神经变性疾病心血管疾病LanguagePoints■WordsandPhrases:•predominant显著的•dyspnoea[dɪsp'niːə]呼吸困难症•stabilize使稳定，使固定•plateau稳定状态，平稳•palliativecare姑息治疗，临终关怀•sedation[sɪ'deɪʃn]镇静疗法•GP=generalpractitioner全科医师，非专科医师•complywith服从，遵守•magnitude大小，等级