2020年自考英语二讲义精讲

I.NewwordsandexpressionsNewwords1.criticaladj.有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的2.non-fictionn.纪实文学3.positionn.观点；态度；立场4.statementn.说明；说法；表态5.questionv.表示疑问；怀疑outofquestion/outofthequestion6.evaluatev.估计；评价；评估7.contextn.事情发生的背景，环境，来龙去脉8.valuen.values[pl.]是非标准；价值观valuableinvaluable=pricelessvalueless9.representv.描述；表现representativeadj./n.10.assertionn.明确肯定；断言11.sufficientadj.足够的；充足的sufficiencyinsufficient12.statisticn.statistics[pl.]统计数字；统计资料13.integratev.（使）合并，成为一体14.authorityn.专家；学术权威；泰斗an/theauthorityonsth.authorize15.comparev.比较；对比compareAwithBcompareAtoB16.subjectn.主题；题目；题材17.consistentadj.相符的；符合的18.inconsistencyn.不一致19.assumptionn.假定；假设20.casen.具体情况；事例incaseincaseoffireincasethat…acaseinpointconfirmed/suspectedcases21.directlyadv.直接地；径直地22.identifyv.找到；发现23.validadj.符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的validityn.有效性，正确（性）invalid24.credibleadj.可信的；可靠的incredible=unbelievable25.landmarkn.（标志重要阶段的）里程碑26.relevantadj.紧密相关的；切题的relevancyn.关联；恰当irrelevant27.currentadj.现时发生的；当前的28.appropriateadj.合适的；恰当的inappropriateIt's(not)appropriatethat….29.biasn.偏见；偏心；偏向30.considerablyadv.非常；很；相当多地considerconsideringconsiderableconsiderateconsideration31.Democratn.（美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者民32.Republicann.（美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者33.reflectv.显示；表明；表达34.informedadj.有学问的；有见识的well-informedill-informedPhrasesandExpressions1.applyto使用；应用2.putforth提出；产生3.take…intoaccount考虑到；顾及4.accept/take…atfacevalue相信表面；信以为真5.withagrainofsalt有保留地；持怀疑态度地II.TextLearningCriticalReading①(1)Criticalreadingappliestonon-fictionwritinginwhichtheauthorputsforthapositionorseekstomakeastatement.Criticalreadingisactivereading.Itinvolvesmorethanjust（不只是，不仅仅是）understandingwhatanauthorissaying.Criticalreadinginvolvesquestioningandevaluatingwhattheauthorissaying,andformingyourownopinionsaboutwhattheauthorissaying.Herearethethingsyoushoulddotobeacriticalreader.（启下句）本部分重点及难点：隐藏重难点解析1.Criticalreadingappliestonon-fictionwritinginwhichtheauthorputsforthapositionorseekstomakeastatement.applytosb./sth.=beapplicabletosb./sth.apply的派生词：application,applicant,applicable②Considerthecontextofwhatiswritten.Youmaybereadingsomethingthatwaswrittenbyanauthorfromadifferentculturalcontextthanyours.(2)Or,youmaybereadingsomethingwrittensometimeagoinadifferenttimecontextthanyours.(3)Ineithercase,youmustrecognizeandtakeintoaccountanydifferencesbetweenyourvaluesandattitudesandthoserepresentedbytheauthor.本部分重点及难点：隐藏重难点解析2.Or,youmaybereadingsomethingwrittensometimeagoinadifferenttimecontextthanyours.sometime注意区分：sometime/sometimes/sometimes3.Ineithercase,youmustrecognizeandtakeintoaccountanydifferencesbetweenyourvaluesandattitudesandthoserepresentedbytheauthor.不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。those是代词，代替前面的复数名词valuesandattitudes。代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用that。例如：Thestudentsinyourclassaremorehard-workingthanthoseinhisclass.Thevaluesoftheyoungpeopledifferfromthoseoftheirelders.Yourvoiceismorebeautifulthatthatofyourclassmates.Thepriceofthatbookishigherthanthatofthisone.请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】1.Thenecklacehersisteriswearingismuchmorebeautifulthan______wornbyMary.A．thisB．thatC．theseD．those【答案】B【解析】本题考查指代词those/that的用法。英语句子中为了避免重复常使用代词代替前面出现过的名词。代替前面的复数名词用those；代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用that。本句中空格处要填的词代替代替单数可数名词necklace，故选A。此处that也可以换成theone。【知识点】指代词those/that的用法③Questionassertionsmadebytheauthor.Don'tacceptwhatiswrittenatfacevalue.Beforeacceptingwhatiswritten,becertainthattheauthorprovidessufficientsupportforanyassertionsmade.Lookforfacts,examples,andstatisticsthatprovidesupport.（承上句）Also,looktoseeiftheauthorhasintegratedtheworkofauthorities.④Comparewhatiswrittenwithotherwrittenworkonthesubject.(4)Looktoseethatwhatiswrittenisconsistentwithwhatothershavewrittenaboutthesubject.Ifthereareinconsistencies,carefullyevaluatethesupporttheauthorprovidesfortheinconsistencies.（承上句）本部分重点及难点：隐藏重难点解析4.Looktoseethatwhatiswrittenisconsistentwithwhatothershavewrittenaboutthesubject.beconsistentwith与……一致consistvi.组成（of）；在于（in）；符合（with）TheUnitedKingdomconsistsofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Thebeautyoftheplanconsistsinitssimplicity.Thisdoesn'tconsistwithwhatyoutoldmeearlier.这和你先前告诉我的不符合。consist的派生词：consistent,inconsistent,consistency,inconsistency请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】2.Totellyouthetruth,Ireallyhopethatyouractionswillconsist______yourwordsthistime.A．ofB．inC．atD．with【答案】D【解析】本题考查consist的用法。consistof意为由……组成；consistin意为在于；consistwith意为与……一致，故选D。consistat不存在。该句的意思是说实话，我真希望这次你的言行能一致。【知识点】consist的用法⑤Analyzeassumptionsmadebytheauthor.(5)Assumptionsarewhatevertheauthormustbelieveistrueinordertomakeassertions.Inmanycases,theauthor'sassumptionsarenotdirectlystated.Thismeansyoumustreadcarefullyinordertoidentifyanyassumptions.（承上启下句）Onceyouidentifyanassumption,youmustdecidewhetherornottheassumptionisvalid.⑥Evaluatethesourcestheauthoruses.Indoingthis,becertainthatthesourcesarecredible.Forexample,Einsteinisacrediblesourceiftheauthoriswritingaboutlandmarkachievementsinphysics.Alsobecertainthatthesourcesarerelevant.Einsteinisnotarelevantsourcewhenthesubjectispoetry.（承上句）Finallyiftheauthoriswritingaboutasubjectinitscurrentstate,besurethatthesourcesarecurrent（启下句）.Forexample,studiesdonebyEinst