高中语法定语从句讲解-(最全面)

TheAttributiveClauseⅠ定语从句ⅠWhatisanattributive?(何为定语？)•Thereisahugecake•Sheisabeautifulgirl.•用于修饰名词、代词的句子成分为定语。•定语常由形容词或形容词性短语来充当。Whatisanattributiveclause?(何为定语从句？)•在主从复合句中，用于充当主句的定语成分(用于修饰某名词,代词或名词短语)的从句，称为定语从句(形容词性从句)。•Thereisacakethatishuge.•Sheisagirlwhoisbeautiful.Heisalittleboy.Heiseating.Heisalittleboywhoiseating.•Heisapopularsinger.•Hissongispopularamongyoungpeople.•Heisapopularsingerwhosesongispopularamongyoungpeople.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。真正的友谊犹如健康的身体,失去时方知其可贵。Proverbs记住Friendshipislikehealth,thevalueofwhichisseldomknownuntilitislost.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.定语从句的结构e.g.JustinBieberisafamoussingerwhosingsthesongBaby.先行词（可放入从句中充当一定成分）定语从句（在先行词后；从句中常缺成分）Doyouknowtheman?Hespokejustnow.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?关系词（引导定从；代替先行词；在从句中作一定成分）Ishowedhimtheletter.Ireceiveditthismorning.Ishowedhimtheletter(which)Ireceivedthismorning.引导定语从句的关联词有：关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,关系副词：when,where,why关系词的选择与先行词的意思，及先行词在从句中充当的句子成分决定。引导定语从句的关系代词that即指人又指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。who,whom指人,who在从句中作主语或宾语,whom作宾语。whose既指人又指物,在从句中作定语,表“某某的”。that,which,whom,who在定语从句中作宾语时,可省去。介词+关系词时，指物只能用which,指人只能用whomwhom指人,在从句中作宾语，可省略。e.g.Doyouknowtheman(whom)wesawattheBeijingHotel?ThegirlisfromAmerica.Icalledherjustnow.Thegirl(whom)IcalledjustnowisfromAmerica.1.that在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物。1)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2)ThenoodlesthatIcookedweredelicious.3)Let’saskthemanthatisreadingthebookoverthere.4)ThegirlthatwesawyesterdayisJim’ssister.(主语)(宾语)(主语)(宾语)定语从句三要素：先行词，关系词，先行词/关系词在从句中充当的句子成分。哪几个that可省略？3、4句还可用什么关系词？2.Which在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。1)Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.2)Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.3.who,whom在从句中分别作主语和宾语(口语中who也可作宾语)。•TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.(主语)(宾语)(主语)2)TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledMichael.3)ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.=Thepersonwhom/whoyoujusttalkedtoisMr.Li.4)Mr.Readistheprofessortowhomyoushouldwrite.(主语)(宾语)（宾语)4.whose在从句中作定语，指人或物。1)MissFloweristheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek.2)Thisistheboywhosecompositiontheteachertalkedof.Thisistheboy.Theteachertalkedofhiscomposition.3)Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.3.Thehouse__________theybuiltin1987stayedupintheearthquake.Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,that,whichorwhose.1.Theearthquake___________hitthecityin1906wasthebiggestinAmericanhistory.2.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeople__________losttheirhomesin1906earthquake.that/whichthat/whowhich/that5.Harryistheboy______motherisourmathsteacher.whose4.Thepersonto______youjusttalkedisMr.Li.whom将下面的两个句子合并成一个句子•Thereasonwasverysimple.•Thelocalpolicemanexplainedthereason.Thereasonthat/whichthelocalpolicemanexplainedwasverysimple.•Tommyisourmonitor.•Hisvocabularyisverylarge.Tommywhosevocabularyisverylargeisourmonitor.•Thelittlegirlismyniece.•Iwalkedmydogwithmyniece.Thelittlegirlwhom/that/whoIwalkedmydogwithismyniece.ThelittlegirlwithwhomIwalkedmydogismyniece.Translation•1.他就是住在隔壁的医生。•Heisthedoctorwho/thatlivesnextdoor.•2.请把那本绿皮的书传给我。•Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用which。(1)先行词本身为everything,nothing,something,anything,little,few,much,all,none,some等不定代词时。NoteⅠThisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。(2)先行词被all,every,any,no,some,few,little,much等修饰时。•(5)先行词不止一个，既有人，又有物，用that。•Hementionedthepeopleandthingsthathesawinhistrip.•(6)先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词。•WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost？•Whoisthegirlthatyouspoketojustnow?•(7)主句是therebe结构，修饰其主语的定语从句用that（先行词为物）•Thereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstomysister.1.当先行词是he,she等人称代词，以及one,ones,anybody,anyone,all,none,those等,指人时一般用who,不用that.(若指物，则用which)Thosewhowanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.Whatisthatwhichisshiningintheroom?NoteⅢCompletethefollowingsentenceswiththat,which,whoorwhose.ThentranslatethemintoChineseorally.1.Herearemyneighbours________homewasdestroyedbyearthquake.2.Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople_________wereasleep.3.Thenextdaypeopleputupsheltersintheopenairmadewithanything_______theycouldfind.whosethat/who(that)4.Severaldayslatermostofthebuildings__________hadbeendamagedwererepaired.5.Thisfrightenedboy_______motherwerelostinthedisasterislookingforhernow.6.Wewenttoseeourteacher________husbandlosthislifeintheearthquake.7.“Isthistheyoungman________savedseveralpeopletrappedunderbuildings?”sheasked.8.Anumberofchildren__________parentshaddiedinthequakeweresenttolivewithfamiliesintheothercities.that/whichwhosewhosewhosewho/that关系副词relativeadverbs•关系代词：在从句中作主语，宾语，定语和表语•关系副词：在从句中作时间、地点、原因状语•when：作时间状语•where：作地点状语•why：作原因状语•ThisisthefactoryIworkedtenyearsago.Thisisthefactory.Iworkedinthefactorytenyearsago.•先行词：thefactory，与介词in一起放入从句中作状语•从句部分：Iworkedtenyearsago.•关系词：where1.作连词，引导定语从句2.代替先行词，在从句中充当状语成分3.关系副词=介词+关系代词•ThisisthefactoryinwhichIworkedtenyearsago.•凡是先行词放入从句当中，需加介词的，该结构（介词+先行词）在从句中都是充当状语成分，关系词都应使用关系副词，或介词+关系代词。whereTheschoolisnearapark.Mysonstudiesinthisschool.Theschoolwheremysonstudiesisnearapark.=Theschoolinwhichmysonstudiesisnearapark.关系副词whereWevisitedthehouse.LuXunoncelivedinthehouse.Wevis