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1RAM-5000/SNAPSystemRitec非线性高级声学测量系统及其应用李栋山建科测试仪器AbouttheManufacturerRitec,Inc.ManufacturerofUltrasonicResearchInstrumentationEstablished:1986Location:RhodeIsland,USANumberofEmployees:12BruceB.ChickChairman–Ritec,Inc.Dr.GaryL.PetersenPresident–Ritec,Inc.B.S.Physics-Unv.ofColorado1960M.A.T.Physics-BrownUniversity1967Ph.D.Physics-BrownUniversity1975S.C.B.Engineering-BrownUniversity1950S.C.M.Engineering-BrownUniversity1953R.Truell,C.ElbaumandB.Chick―UltrasonicMethodsinSolidStatePhysics‖NewYork.AcademicPress,1969B.Chick―ResearchInstrumentandSystems‖inPhysicalAcoustics:UltrasounicInstrumentsandDevicesII,XXIV(R.N.Thurston,A.PierceandE.Papadakis,eds.)NewYork.AcademicPress,1999C.M.Fortunko,B.B.Chick,G.L.Petersen,M.C.RenkenandA.L.Preis―AbsoluteMeasurementsotElastic-WavePhaseandGroupVelocitiesinLossyMaterials‖,Rev.Sci.Instrum.63(6),June1992M.Fukuoka,M.Hirao,T.Yamasaki,H.Ogi,G.L.PetersenandC.M.Fortunko,―UltrasonicResonanceMethodwithEMATforStressMeasurementinThinPlates‖Proceedings1992Rev.ProgressinQNDE,editedbyD.O.ThompsonandD.E.Chimenti,PlenumPress,NewYork,19933Outline(大纲)IntroductiontotheRAM-5000/SNAP•1.RAM-5000/SNAP实验系统平台•2.Toneburst驱动脉冲源•3.超外差接收机•4.典型应用41.RAM-5000/SNAP实验系统平台后勤工程学院于2002年在中国最早购入RitecSNAP5000实验系统。5RAM5000SNAP测量系统是专门为非线性声学现象的测量而设计的(自然包括线性声学的测量功能),主要包括:宽带射频脉冲放大器信号追踪接收器900相移敏感检测器门积分器多个频率合成器所有的测量功能均可计算机控制,通过ADAC5632接口卡或GPIB接口卡,可将微型计算机与该系统相连。包括超外差式接收机、900相移敏感检测器和门积分器在内的该系统的标准工作频率范围从100kHz至33MHz。Ritec-5000-SNAP测量系统信号处理框图测量系统中的SNAP单元的主要功能为:用超外差接收机接收来自于发射射频脉冲的不同频率信号(基频、通过非线性效应产生的二次谐波、三次谐波及差频信号,等等),同时保留信号的相位信息。Ritec-5000-SNAP系统测量二次谐波或三次谐波的实验框图81.TheRAM-5000/SNAP实验系统平台通过计算机控制的发射机的参数和功能包括:1送至门放大器的射频信号的载波频率2大功率射频脉冲(toneburst)的周波个数、调制方式3射频脉冲的功率4射频脉冲的延迟时间5触发源和射频脉冲的重复周期波形调制012345678910Time(microseconds)Amplitude(arb.units)carrier(3MHz)modulation(9spulsewidth)RFPulse012345678910Time(microseconds)Amplitude(arb.units)Freq.No.1(3MHz)Freq.No.2(3.1MHz)carrierfreq.at(1+2)/2(3.05MHz)Modulatedat(1-2)/2(0.05MHz)012345678910Time(microseconds)Amplitude(arb.units)carrier(3MHz)modulation(0.1MHz)Hanningmodulationslowturn-on,nosharpcorners波形调制11信号混合121.TheRAM-5000/SNAP实验系统平台计算机控制下的接收机参数有:1接收机的频率2接收机的输入通道(Ch1orCh2)3接收增益4宽带接收机的高通和低通滤波器的设置5接收机的中频带宽5视频带宽6积分时间常数7门积分器的位置及宽度。整个测量系统配有测量软件,用户可根据自己具体的测量要求而作相应调整。132.Toneburst驱动脉冲源Whatisatoneburst?WhyshouldIuseatoneburst?Isn’taspikeorasquareimpulsejustasgood?WhydoIneedsomuchpower?几个问题。。。。。。142.Toneburst驱动脉冲源AnAside….Q:Whatpropertiesofasignalcanweactuallymeasure?A:Fundamentally,innearlyeveryultrasonicmeasurementwe’rereallyonlyexamining3differentproperties!!!1.Thefrequencyofasignal2.Thetime(orphase)atwhichthatsignaloccurs*3.Theenergyofthatsignal**TimeandEnergyareFREQUENCYDEPENDANT!!!152.Toneburst驱动脉冲源Continuingouraside….22211ltltcccc2243214ltltcccctcE210228AxAc162.Toneburst驱动脉冲源Whatisatoneburst?|21)sin()(tttAtF172.Toneburst驱动脉冲源WhyshouldIuseatoneburst,andisn’taspikeorasquareimpulsejustasgood?Advantages:Substantialincreaseintransmittedenergywhencomparedtoalimiteddurationimpulse.Transmittedenergycanbefocusedwithinanextremelynarrowbandwidth182.Toneburst驱动脉冲源WhyshouldIuseatoneburst,andisn’taspikeorasquareimpulsejustasgood?192.Toneburst驱动脉冲源Anoteontonebursts:1WidthBurstBandwidth202.Toneburst驱动脉冲源WhydoIneedsomuchpower?A:Everyoneknowsmoreisbetter!!!TheRAM-5000systemsareavailablewithpulsesourcesoptimizedfor1.5KWRMS(~800Vp-pinto50Ohms)or5KWRMS(~1440Vp-pinto50Ohms)UsefulwhenusinginefficienttransducersEMATSAir-CoupledTransducersEtc.UsefulwhentestinghighlyattenuativematerialsGeologicalSamplesConcreteRubbersCompositesEtc.Usefulinhigh-lossexperimentsNon-linearUltrasonics(HarmonicExamination)•射频脉冲输出,功率高达5KW,频率高达7MHz213.超外差接收机HistoryofSuperheterodyneSignalProcessingEdwinH.ArmstrongInventoroftheSuperheterodyneReceiverTheSuperheterodyneReceiverwasinventedin1918asameanstoimprovetheaccuracyofRadioDirectionFindingEquipmentinWorldWarI.22超外差原理图Ifastationwastransmittingon300kHzforexample,andthelocaloscillatorwassetto400kHz,aswellastheoriginal300kHz,thesamestationwouldbealsoheardon100kHzand700kHz.2coscossinsinBABABA23RAM-5000-SNAP测量系统信号处理框图为便于叙述,这里仅以使用频率合成器1的情形进行说明,其输出信号为:)F(cosSignalTransmit1S1t2A=S经滤波和前置放大器放大后的超声信号f(t)形式上表为:)F2sin()()(rrr+ttA=tff(t)24SNAP系统采用超外差式接收机处理经前置放大器预处理及滤波的超声信号。超外差接收的第一步是进行混频操作,在保留接收超声信号的脉冲包络形状及相位信息的基础上,将载波频率“移”到中频(IF=20MHz),接下来进行中频放大。系统中的两路中频参考信号存在900的相差,以此为基础进行900相移检测(Quadraturephasedetection)。对超声信号进行低通滤波,并通过匹配的门积分器进行积分运算,向计算机输出两路存在900相差的信号分量。25经滤波和前置放大器放大后的超声信号f(t)形式上表为:)F2sin()()(rrr+ttA=tf设超声信号为一窄带脉冲f(t),载波频率为Fr(可以不同于发射频率FS1,取决于对滤波频率的选择),在时域上被Ar(t)所调制。在超外差接收机的工作过程中,信号f(t)被变增益(调节范围达78dB)宽带射频放大器放大。宽带放大(接收)器的输出信号与由合成器3输出的频率为(Fr+IF)的信号Vs3通过混频器相乘,相乘的结果是形成一个频率为IF的新的信号。合成器3输出的频率为(Fr+IF)的信号Vs3形式上为:通过混频器后的信号为:])F(IF2sin[r33t+A=VSSTerm.FreqHigh)IF2cos()(2Mixer+-ttAg=Vrr常数g2包括射频增益、参考信号幅度AS3和混频器的转换系数,高频项的频率是(IF+2Fr),被中频放大器所过滤掉。26tMHztAtMHztArr302cos202cos2121tMHztMHztAr252sin52sintMHztAr202cos例如Fr=5MHz;IF=20MHz25MHz=20MHz+5MHz=IF+Fr在保留接收超声信号的脉冲包络形状及相位信息的基础上,
本文标题:超声检测
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