金字塔未解之谜-英文介绍ppt

Themysteryofthepyramid金字塔建造之谜•Thepyramidishowtobuildup?Yetmanycountriesinthisdebatescientists:tobuildgreatpyramidneedverycomprehensiveplan,firstofall,themostimportantistochooseafirmplace,accordingtoancientEgyptreligiousreasons,usuallychooseinthewestbankoftheNile.Nearthebankoftheriver,becauseofbuildingthestonesareonthepyramidshipandshippedtheNile.The4600yearsagoasthepyramidmethodwithoutanyrecordshasretained,peoplehavebeentherearekindsofdoubt,thesestonesishowtomining,transport,andwhatthestack?•金字塔是如何建成的？至今很多国家的科学家都在为此争论不休：要建造宏伟的金字塔需要非常周详的计划，首先最重要的是选择一个稳固的场所，据古埃及宗教的理由，通常会选在尼罗河西岸。靠近河岸，是因为建筑金字塔所需的石块都靠船及尼罗河运来。作为底4600年前的金字塔建造方法早已无留存任何记录，人们一直存在种种疑问，这些石块是怎样开采、运送的，又是怎样堆砌的呢?Guessa:millionsofslavelaborresults猜测一：百万奴隶劳作的结果•alledthefatherofwesternhistoriographyHerodotuswasdocumented,builtofstonepyramidskhufufromArabiamountain(maybethesinaipeninsula)mining,modifythesurfaceoflimestone,fromthefigureopenlumberingtoterror.Atthattimeminingstoneisnoteasy,becausepeopleatthattimeandnoexplosives,andnoGangQian.Theegyptiansatthattimeismadeofcopperorbronzepickonrockdrilling,theninsertedintothewoodwedge,irrigationwater,whenthewoodenwedgesbeblistersbilge,rockwasdistendstocrack.Thismethodintodaymaylooklikeaclumsy,butinmorethan4000yearsago,butit'samazingtechnology.Fromaquarrysitealsoextremelydifficulttopyramid.Theancientegyptiansareinstalledinthesledstoneofchooseandemploypersons,andlivestockpull.•人称“西方史学之父”的希罗多德曾记载，建造胡夫金字塔的石头是从“阿拉伯山”(可能是西奈半岛)开采来的，修饰其表面的石灰石，是从河东的图拉开采运来。在那时开采石头并不容易，因为当时人们并没有炸药，也无钢钎。埃及人当时是用铜或青铜的凿子在岩石上打眼，然后插进木楔，灌上水，当木楔子被水泡胀时，岩石便被胀裂。这样的方法在今天看来也许很笨拙，但在4000多年前，却是很了不起的技术。从采石场运往金字塔工地也极为困难。古代埃及人是将石头装在雪橇上，用人和牲畜拉。•Therefore,itisnecessarytowideandflatroad.Tobuildtheroadtransportstonepyramidsandtheundergroundchamberisused10yearstime.Builtinthepyramidkhufu,forcedalltheegyptianskhufuhiswork,theyweredividedinto100000peopletoworkgroup,eachalargegroupofpeopletoworkforthreemonths.Intheselabourersslaves,buttherearealsomanyordinaryfarmersandproducers.TheancientEgyptianslavesbyanimalandten-pin,thehugestonetotheconstructionsite,andtheywillallaroundthefield,naturalsandpilescant,alongthehugestonecantpullonthepyramids.Justlikethat,alayerofslope,buildbylayingbricksorstonesalayerofstone,andgraduallyheighteningthepyramids.Buildthepyramidskhufuspent20yearsoftim•为此需要宽阔而平坦的道路。修建运输石料的路和金字塔的地下墓室就用了10年的时间。在建造胡夫金字塔时，胡夫强迫所有的埃及人为他做工，他们被分成10万人的大群来工作，每一大群人要劳动3个月。这些劳动者中有奴隶，但也有许多普通的农民和手工业者。古埃及奴隶是借助畜力和滚木，把巨石运到建筑地点的，他们又将场地四周天然的沙土堆成斜面，把巨石沿着斜面拉上金字塔。就这样，堆一层坡，砌一层石，逐渐加高金字塔。建造胡夫金字塔花了整整20年的时间Guesstwoextraterrestrialcivilizationsmasterpiece猜测二：地外文明的杰作•Becauseofthebuildthepyramidssaythattherearestillmanydifficulttoexplainin,so,alongwiththeflyingsaucerobservationandresearchactivitiesmoreandmorewidely,theyhavemysteriouspyramidwithchangeableUFOe.t.connected.Theythinkthat,inthousandsofyearsago,humanbeingscannothavebuiltpyramidsthatkindofability,onlyanalientalenthas.Theyalsofoundthroughcalculated,throughtheCairosuburbofwarpthepyramidkhufueast,andwesttheearthintotwohemispheres,theirlandareaisequal.Thecoincidenceisprobablyalienchoosepyramidpurposeofthesite.Plusthepyramidofthetruepoweroflegend,sothisistheonethathasalsobecomepopularup.•由于建造金字塔之说尚许多难以解释之处，所以，随着飞碟观察和研究活动越来越广泛，有人把神秘的金字塔同变幻莫测的飞碟上的外星人联系起来。他们认为，在几千年前，人类不可能有建造金字塔这样的能力，只有外星人才有。他们经过推算还发现，通过开罗近郊胡夫金字塔的经线把地球分成东、西两个半球，它们的陆地面积是相等的。这种“巧合”大概是外星人选择金字塔建造地点的用意。再加上有关金字塔真真假假的神力传说，所以这一说法也日渐盛行起来。Guessthree:lostcivilizationtribalheritage猜测三：失落文明部落的遗产•Andotherssaymorexuan,thepyramidandmysteriouslearnisconnected,thinkpyramidistheearthbeforeahighlycivilizedsocietyafterthedestructionoftheheritage,orissuchassuchasthestatehasdestroyedonishihumanlegacyofculturalrelics.Forthetwoaccounts,themenofEgypt,deeplyinnerhurt,becausethisistheancestorofEgyptcivilizationandwisdomallthenegativeimage.•还有人说得更玄，把金字塔与神秘学联系起来，认为金字塔是地球前一次高度文明社会灭亡后的遗产，或者是诸如大西洲之类已经毁灭的人类文物的遗留物。对于这两种说法，埃及人深感内心受到伤害，因为这等于把埃及祖先的文明与智慧一古脑儿全都否定了。Guessfour:thewaterconcreteresults猜测四：混凝土浇灌的结果•In2000,theFrenchJoseph·duputforwardDavidDavisofhisamazingviews,saysthestonesonthepyramidisman-made.Davidduweswithmicroscopeandchemicalanalysismethodtostudythestructureofthestones.Heaccordingtothetestresultscometotheconclusionthatthestonepyramidswithlimeandshellsafterartificialcastingacoagulation,similartothewaythetodayonconcrete.Becauseofthemixturesolidifiedscleromaverygood,itishardtodistinguishitandthedifferenceofnaturalstone.•2000年，法国人约瑟·大卫杜维斯提出了他惊人的见解，声称金字塔上的巨石是人造的。大卫杜维斯借助显微镜和化学分析的方法，认真研究了巨石的构造。他根据化验结果得出这样的结论：金字塔上的石头是用石灰和贝壳经人工浇筑混凝而成的，其方法类似今天浇灌混凝土。由于这种混合物凝固硬结得十分好，人们难以分辨出它和天然石头的差别。•Inaddition,DavidDavisalsoputforwardaduratherpersuasiveevidence:inthestonehefoundarayofabout1inchlonghair,theonlypossibleexplanationisthatworkersinoperationwhenhewillthiscurlsfellintoconcrete,saveuptonow.Somescientiststhinkthat,inviewofthemodernarchaeologicalresearchhasconfirmedhumanearlyinthethousandsofyearsagoknowhowtomakeconcrete,soDavidjarvis,quitecredibledujudge.Butmoreandmorescholars,itputsforwardthequestion,theysaid,sincetherearemanygranitehillsnearCairo,then,theEgyptianpeopletotheshapedandwhattouseacomplexoperationmethod