大学英语精读1Unit2The-Boy-and-the-Bank-Officer

Banks•中国工商银行：ICBC（IndustrialandCommercialBankofChina）•中国建设银行：CCB（ChinaConstructionBank）•中国银行：BC（BankofChina）•中国农业银行：ABC（AgricultureBankofChina）•中国招商银行：CMB(ChinaMerchantsBank)•中国民生银行：CMBC（ChinaMinshengBankingCo.,Ltd）•交通银行：BankofCommunications•广东发展银行：GDB(GuangdongDevelopmentBank)•上海浦东发展银行：SPDB/SPDBank(ShanghaiPudongDevelopmentBank)•深圳发展银行：SDB(ShenzhenDevelopmentBank)•花旗银行：CitiBank•渣打银行：StandardCharteredBank•汇丰银行：HongKongandShangHaiBankingCorporationPartTwoI.AuthorPhilipRoss(1939—)isanAmericanwriterbasedinNewYork.Afterworkingasanewspaperreporterforfouryears,heturnedtofreelance(自由职业作家)writing.ManyofhisarticleshaveappearedintheNewYorker(《纽约人》),Reader’sDigest(《读者文摘》)andNewYorkTimes(《纽约时报》).ThistextistakenfromStrategiesforSuccessfulWriting:ARhetoricandReader,3rdeditionpublishedbyPrenticeHall,Inc.in1993inEnglewoodCliffs,NewJersey.•Functionsperformedbybankstodayhavebeencarriedoutbyindividuals,families,orstateofficialsforatleast4,000years.•BanksfirstemergedintheMiddleAgeswhenpeoplegrewtiredofcarryingaroundalltheirgoldandbeganleavingtheirmoneywiththegoldsmith.ItalianBankinginthe14thCenturyII.HistoryofBanks•DuringtheearlyRenaissance(欧洲14至16世纪文艺复兴),asinternationaltraderevived,Italianmoneychangersonceagainappeared.Theydidbusinessinthestreetsfromabench(bancainItalian;hencethewordbank).Florence,Italy,becameagreatbankingcenter,dominatedbytheMedici(梅第奇)family.TheMedicifamily,oneofthemostprominentbankingfamiliesinEuropeduringthistime,becamequitewealthyfromitsbankingandmoneylendingpractices.•WiththegrowthofcommerceandtradeinNorthernEurope,theNetherlands(荷兰)becameaninternationalfinancialcenter.TheBankofAmsterdam(阿姆斯特丹/荷兰首都)wasorganizedin1609.Acharteredpublicbank(特许银行)wasopenedinSweden(瑞典)in1656.Banknoteswereprobablyfirstissuedinthe1660sbytheBankofStockholm(斯德哥尔摩/瑞典首都)inSweden.Itwasprobablythefirstfinancialinstitutionintheworldtoissuestandard-sizepayable-on-demand(见票即付的)bankbills,whicheliminatedthehandlingofcoppercoins.UntilthefoundingoftheBankofEnglandin1694,England'sgoldsmithswereitsfirstbankers.Theykeptmoneyandothervaluablesinsafecustodyfortheircustomers.Theyalsodealtingoldbullionandforeignexchange.Theyprofitedfromacquiringandsortingcoinsofallkinds.Toattractcoins,thesmithswerewillingtopayinterest.Thegoldsmithsnoticedthatdepositsremainedatafairlysteadyleveloverlongperiodsoftime.Depositsandwithdrawalstendedtobalanceeachotherbecausecustomersonlywantedenoughmoneyonhandtomeeteverydayneeds.Thisallowedthesmithstoloanoutatinterestcashthatwouldotherwisebeidle.Fromthispracticeemergedthemodernfacetsofbanking:keepingdeposits,makingloans,andmaintainingreserves.Anotherpracticeofthegoldsmiths,bywhichacustomercouldarrangetotransferpartofhisbalancetoanotherpartybyawrittenorder,wasthestartofthemoderncheck-writingsystem.•TheBankofFrancewasfoundedin1800.Formostofthe19thcenturythemoneymarketsofEuropeweredominatedbytheHouseofRothschild.ThehousewasoperatedbyRothschildandhisoldestson,AmschelMayer,untilitsdissolutionin1901.ThefourotherRothschildsonsopenedbankbranchesinVienna,Austria;Naples(那不勒斯),Italy;London,England;andParis,France.TheLondonandParisbranchesarestillinoperation.FrankfurtHouseofRothschild•Modernsocietiescannotdowithoutbanks.Bankskeep,lendandissuemoneyaswellasoffermanyotherfinancialservices.Theyalsohelptoregulatetheeconomywithchangesininterestrateandinmoneysupply.TypeofwritingQuestion:Whatkindofwritingisthistext?Answer:anarrativeThisisbasicallyaninterestinganecdote(short,interestingoramusingstoryaboutarealpersonorevent逸事）withanunexpectedending.PartThreeamanembarrasseshimselfbyblindlyinterferingwithabankofficer’s“unfair”rejectionwhenaboyrequeststowithdrawmoneyinabankinNewYorkatnoononedaythenarrator,aboy,andafortyishbankofficerwhatdoyouthink?Plot:Setting:Characters:Themeofthestory:ThemeoftheStory•Banksarenotnecessarily“evil”.•Prejudicemakespeopleembarrassthemselves.•Unkinddeedsmaycomefromaheartthatistooeagertobekind.•Lyingisnotalwaysan“evil”.•Childrenshouldn’tbeallowedtodealwithmoney.•…Part1(para.):Part2(para.):Part3(para.):Structureofthetext2—2324—32Theattitudeoftheauthor’sfriendtowardbank.Thefailureoftheboy’sattempttowithdrawmoneyfromthebankandtheauthor’sfruitlessinterferenceThebankofficer’sclarificationofthesituation11.Theonlydifferenceisthatabank’sgoodshappentobemoney,whichisyoursinthefirstplace.(para1)tohappentodo/tobe:todo/tobesth.bychancee.g.发生火灾时，我刚好路过。Ihappenedtobepassingby,whenthefirebrokeout.inthefirstplace:usedtointroduceaseriesofpointsinanargumentortotalkaboutwhatshouldhavebeendone,placedinoratthebeginningofaseriesevents.e.g.如果你不喜欢这条裙子，一开始你就不该买。1.Ifyoudon’tlikethedress,youshouldn’thaveboughtitinthefirstplace.2.Politicalrealitywasnotquitethatsimple—inthefirstplace,divisionsexistedwithintheparties.PartFour•Question:Whydoestheauthorsaythatthemoney“isyoursinthefirstplace”?•Becauseatthebeginningthemoneybelongstoyou,andthenyoudepositthemoneyinabank,thetangiblemoneybecomingaintangiblefigureonthebankbook.2.Para:Ifbankswererequiredtosellwalletsandmoneybelts,theymightactlesslikechurches.(para.1)Theword“church”hascertainassociations.Peo