基于单片机的家庭取暖电加热锅炉温度控制系统设计

摘要近年来随着计算机在社会领域的渗透,单片机的应用正在不断地走向深入，同时带动传统控制检测日新月益更新。在实时检测和自动控制的单片机应用系统中，单片机往往是作为一个核心部件来使用，仅单片机方面知识是不够的，还应根据具体硬件结构，以及具体应用对象特点的软件结合，以作完善。本课题研究的是基于单片机的家庭电加热锅炉取暖温度控制系统设计,它是利用锅炉加热水产生的蒸汽来提高室内的温度。它的基本功能是通过温度传感器的检测来实时显示室内空气和电加热锅炉内水的温度，通过键盘设定目标温度，根据比较采集温度和目标温度结果，控制加热部件的通断。用液位传感器和报警模块来监控炉内液位的高度，根据检测的结果控制水泵的工作。液位和温度的实时监控保证了室内温度和液位的高度在合理的范围内。该控制系统经济、环保、自能化程度高，具有一定的工业价值。关键字：电加热锅炉系统;单片机;DS18B20;LCD12864;矩阵键盘BasedOnSingleChipMicrocomputerOfHomeHeatingElectricHeatingBoilerTemperatureControlSystemDesignABSTRACTInrecentyears,withthecomputerpenetrationinthesocialfield,theapplicationofSCMistokeepatthesametime,traditionalcontroltestingupdateonCrescentbenefits.Inreal-timedetectionandautomaticcontrolsystemofsingle-chipapplications,oftenasasingle-chipcorecomponenttouseonlysingle-chipisnotenoughknowledge,butalsothespecifichardwarestructureandthespecificfeaturesofapplicationsoftwareobjectscombinetomakeperfect.Theresearchisbasedmicrocontrollerfamilyelectricheatingboilerheatingtemperaturecontrolsystemdesign,theindoortemperatureisraisedbyusingtheboilertoheatwatertoproducesteam.Itsbasicfunctionisdetectedbythetemperaturesensortodisplaytheindoorairandthetemperatureoftheboilerwaterisheatedelectricallyinrealtime,thetargettemperaturesetthroughthekeyboard,accordingtothecomparisonresultofcollectingtemperatureandthetargettemperature,controlstheheatingmeansonandoff.Theheightofthefurnacelevelismonitoredbylevelsensorandalarmmodule,thepumpiscontrolledbyaccordancewiththeresults.Real-timemonitoringlevelandtemperaturetoensureahighlevelofindoortemperatureandwithinareasonablerange.Thecontrolsystemofeconomic,environmental,highdegreeofenergyself-oriented,withsomeindustrialvalue.KEYWORD:Electricheatingboilersystem;AT89C51;DS18B20;LCD12864;matrixkeyboard目录第一章系统方案设计.................................................................11.1绪论.......................................................................11.2设计任务...................................................................11.3设计要求..................................................................11.4系统设计方案..............................................................1第二章各模块电路的方案选择及论证...................................................32.1处理器方案................................................................32.2温度采集模块方案..........................................................32.3显示模块方案...............................................................42.4按键模块方案...............................................................42.5报警电路模块方案...........................................................52.6驱动电路模块方案...........................................................52.7控制电路模块方案...........................................................6第三章系统硬件及各电路设计........................................................73.1处理器....................................................................73.1.1AT89C51单片机概述.................................................73.1.2时钟电路...........................................................83.1.3复位电路...........................................................93.2LCD12864液晶显示器........................................................93.3温度采集模块.............................................................123.3.1DS18B20的主要特性................................................123.3.2DS18B20内部结构..................................................133.4按键模块..................................................................143.5驱动芯片..................................................................143.6继电器控制电路...........................................................153.7液位检测模块.............................................................163.8报警模块..................................................................163.9加热模块.................................................................173.10抽水泵模块模块...........................................................18第四章系统软件设计................................................................194.1系统主程序的设计..........................................................194.2显示子程序设计............................................................204.3温度采集程序设计..........................................................224.4矩阵键盘程序设计..........................................................224.5PID算法程序设计..........................................................244.5.1PID算法原理......................................................244.5.2PID算法流程......................................................25第五章系统调试...................................................................265.1硬件调试..................................................................265.2软件调试..................................................................265.3系统调试..................................................................26总结.............................................................................27参考文献..........................................................................28致谢............................................................................29附录..................................................................