复习Non-finite-Verb(-ed-form)

RevisionNon-finiteVerb———V-edForms非谓语分词动名词（-ing）现在分词（-ing）动词不定式（todo）过去分词（-ed）过去分词的语法形式无人称和数的变化没有时态和语态的变化。done1.作定语2.作表语4.作状语3.作宾补过去分词句法功能单个的过去分词作定语位于它所修饰的名词或代词_______；过去分词短语作定语位于它所修饰的名词或代词_______。过去分词作______—位置(1)Theyfoundadamagedcaratthegateofthepark.(2)Helivesinthehousebuiltbyhisfather.(3)HaveyoureadthisbookwrittenbyLuXun？前面后面定语过去分词作定语—位置过去分词修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody，those等不定代词时，要放在这些词的_____。(1)Heisoneofthoseinvited.(2)Nothingreported(inthenewspaper)interestedhim.(3)Hewantedtointerviewsomeonerelatedtothematter.后面及物动词的过去分词作定语和它的逻辑主语的关系是_____的。所表示的时间概念是______。•Thebuildingbuiltlastyearcanhold1,000people=Thebuildingthatwasbuiltlastyearcanpeople.过去分词作定语—意义被动完成不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示动作的完成。与它所修饰的名词没有被动关系。•fallenleaves=leavesthathavefallen•aretiredworker=aworkerwhohasretired•therisensun=thesunthathasrisen过去分词作______—位置和意义过去分词作表语,相当于一个形容词,说明主语的状态，位于系动词后。•Heisgone.•Theglassisbroken.•Hewaslostinthought.•Theyweredeeplymoved.表语被动结构与系表结构的区别这两种结构形式都是be+过去分词。这两种结构的主要区别是:被动语态强调所发生的动作,而系表结构表示的是主语的特点或状态。•Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlebrother.•Thecupisbroken.注意:(被动结构)(系表结构)过去分词和现在分词作表语的比较•过去分词作表语时，句子的主语多半是人，用来表示主语的感受。•现在分词作表语时，句子的主语往往是物，表示给人造成的感觉。Iwasreallyshockedatthenews.Yourwordsareencouragingtome.过去分词作宾补•过去分词作宾补,过去分词和宾语的关系是被动关系,说明宾语的状态,表示动作的完成。•这类后面可接宾补的动词有：感官动词如:see,lookat,watch,notice,find,observe,listento,hear,smelltaste,feel…使役动词如:have,get,keep,send,leave,catch，make,consider,cause,call…•WhenIwalkedhome,Isawamancaughtbythepolice.•Assoonashereturnedhome,hefoundhishousebrokeninto.•Hekepthimselfcoveredwithablanket.“with/without＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.Withoutthejobfinished,Iwouldn'tdaretogohome.“with/without＋宾语＋过去分词”结构havesb.dosth.使某人做某事havesth.done使某事被(他人)做havesb.doingsth.使某人一直做某事havesth.todo有事情要去做have+n.+宾语补足语I’llhavehimdoit.Ihavemyhaircuteverymonth.Youshouldnothaveherstandingthere.Ican’tgowithyoubecauseIhavesomeworktodo.过去分词作状语过去分词可在句中作______________________________等状语。过去分词无论作何种状语,它的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,而且存在着逻辑上的_________.注意：独立成分除外，如：generallyspeaking,judgingfrom,considering…时间、条件、原因、让步、方式或伴随被动关系作时间状语Seenfromthetopofthehill,thetownlooksevenmorebeautiful.作条件状语Givenmoreattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.作原因状语Deeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.作让步状语Seriouslywounded,hestillkeptonfighting.作方式状语Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followedbyherlittledaughter.作伴随状语Hesatthere,lostinthought.一、分析句子结构解题步骤1.________manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.TobetoldC.HewastoldD.ThoughhewastoldC2.________manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.TobetoldC.HewastoldD.ThoughhewastoldA二、分析逻辑主语（独立主格）有独立主格和独立主格保持一致，无独立主格和逻辑主语保持一致1.Time____,Iwilldoitbetter.A.permittingB.permittedC.havingpermittedD.havingbeenpermitted2.____togivemoretime,Iwilldoitbetter.A.PermittingB.PermittedC.HavingpermittedD.HavingbeenpermittedAB分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语（独立主格）之后，分主语（独立主格）在搭配使用时是主析非谓语动词和逻辑动还是被动关系。三、分析语态1.______fromspace,theearthlooksblue.2.______fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.See这两个题选项中的非谓语动词都没有独立主格,因此其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。。AB四、分析时态在选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，即时态。1.Thebuilding______nowwillbeagym.2.Thebuilding______nextyearwillbeagym.3.Thebuilding______lastyearisagym.A.havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuiltC.beingbuiltD.builtCBDExercises:1.____intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.(05’SH)A.PutB.PuttingC.HavingputD.Beingput2.____inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.（05’HN）A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed3.____inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.（05’JS）A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing4.When_____help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“It’skindofyou.”(05’FJ)A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offeredAABD5.Whenfirst______tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.(04’NMET)A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced6.___withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.(04’HB)A.CompareB.WhencompareC.ComparingD.Whencompared7.______bythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidetospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.(04’LN)A.AttractingB.HavingattractedC.TobeattractedD.AttractedBDD8.Theyaregoingtohavetheserviceman___anelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.A.fixB.tofixC.tobefixedD.fixed9.Youwillseethisproduct____whereveryougo.A.tobeadvertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertising10.____theprogram,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.（NMET2004广东）A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.HavingnotcompletedABC