Unit-3-Rats-and-Man

UnitThreeRatsandMen“Insoluble”ProblemsS.I.HayakawaS.I.Hayakawa•formerU.S.Senator•borninVancouver,Canada,sonofJapaneseimmigrantparents•TaughtEnglishinseveraluniversitiesafterreceivingaPh.D.inEnglishandAmericanliteraturefromtheUniversityofWisconsinin1935•hebecameknownforhiseffortstopromoteEnglishasanationallanguageNewwordsandExpressions1BackgroundInformation2Difficultsentences4Exercises5Organization3TextNewWordsandExpressions•induce•fallinto•figureout•settledown•persist•gointo•gothrough•nag•deplore•deny•perpetuate•tax•embark•getat•abstract•suggestiveinduce:v.1.produce(achangeoreffect)in(asubstanceorpartofthebody)引起，产生;2.persuadeorinfluence(sb.)todosth.劝诱或促使(某人)做某事3.(medical)cause(awoman)tobegin(childbirth)bymeansofdrugs(用药物)为(产妇)催生Itispossibletoinducemagnetisminapieceofironbyplacingitnearafieldofforce.Wecouldn’tinducetheoldladytotravelbyair.We’llhavetoinduceher.fallinto:1.movedownintosth.byfallingorbeingdropped掉进；落入…中2.begin(sth.);entera(state)开始(某事)；陷入(某状态)3.beabletobedividedintosth.可分为Thechildfellintothelakeandhadtobepulledout.Hewassotiredthathefellintoadoze.Allchangesofmattermayfallintotwobroadclasses:physicalandchemicalchanges.figureout:1.cometounderstandsth.orsb.bythinking理解某人或某事物；弄明白2.calculatesth.计算出lcan’tfigureoutwhyhequithisjob.Haveyoufiguredouthowmuchtheholidaywillcost?settledown:1begintogiveone’sattentiontosth.开始注意某事物2.(causesb.to)becomecalm,lessrestless,etc.(使某人)安静、安顿、安心等3.sitorlieinacomfortableposition舒适地坐或躺4.getusedtoawayoflife,job,etc.习惯于新的生活方式、工作等Theconstantinterruptionsstoppedmesettlingdowntomywork.Afteralltherecentexcitementthingshavebeguntosettledownagain.Shesettleddowninanarmchairtoreadherbook.Whenareyougoingtomarryandsettledown?persist:1.continuetodosth,esp.inanobstinateanddeterminedwayandinspiteofopposition,argumentorfailure坚持；执意2.continuedoingsth.inspiteofdifficulties不畏困难继续做某事3.continuetoexist持续，存留Hewillpersistinridingthatdreadfulbicycle.Theypersistedwiththeeducationalreforms,despiteoppositionfromtheteachers.Fogwillpersistthroughoutthenight.gointo:1.begintoactorbehaveinthewayspecified开始以某种方式或行动表现2.examineorinvestigatesth.carefully仔细检查或调查某事物3.enteraprofession从业Seeingthejoke,shewentintofitsoflaughter.Weneedtogointothequestionofcosts.Mybrotherandlwentintobusinessassoonashegotoutofarmy.gothrough:1.experience，endureorsuffersth.经历、忍受或遭受某事物2.(ofalaw,bill,etc)beofficiallyapprovedoraccepted(指法律、法案等)被正式通过或接受3.studyorexaminesth.closelyorsystematically,esp.inordertofindsth.4.discuss,studyorreviewsth.indetail详细讨论、研究、检讨或审核某事物Heisamazinglycheerfulconsideringallthathe’sgonethrough.Assoonasmydivorcegoesthrough,we’llgetmarried.lalwaysstartthedaybygoingthroughmymail.Let’sgothroughtheargumentsagain.nag:v.1.scoldorcriticizesb.continuously不断挑剔或批评某人2.worryorhurtsb.persistently不断烦扰或伤害某人Henagged(at)heralldaylong.Theproblemhadbeennaggingmeforweeks.deplore:v.1.beshockedoroffendedby(sth.);condemn被(某事物)震惊或触犯；谴责2.feelsorryorregretaboutsth.对某事物感到悲伤或悔恨Shedeploredhisscandalousactions.Thesubjectsdeploredthedeathoftheirking.deny:v.1.refusetogivesb.orpreventsb.fromhaving(sth.askedfororwanted)拒不给予某人(所求或所需之物)2.declareuntrue;refusetoaccept(astrue,asafact)否认，否定某事3.disclaimconnectionwithorresponsibilityfor放弃或不承认与…的关系或应对…尽的责任Shewasangryatbeingdeniedtheopportunitytoseeme.Hedeniedknowinganythingaboutit.Don’ttellmehehasdeniedhiscountryandhisprinciples!perpetuatev.cause(sth.)tocontinue使(某事物)永久、永存或持续Thesemeasureswillperpetuatethehostilitybetweenthetwocountries.Theydecidedtoperpetuatethememoryofthepoetbyerectingastatue.tax:v.1.makeheavydemandson(sth.);strain造成(某事物)的重负；使超过极限2.imposeataxonsb.orsth.对某人或某物征税Allthesequestionsarebeginningtotaxmypatience.Mymonthlyincomeistaxedatsource.embark:v.1.embarkonsth.;startorengagein(esp.sth.newordifficult)开始，从事2.go,putortakeonaship乘船；上船Heembarkedonanewprofession.WeembarkedatShanghaiforHongKong.TheshipembarkedpassengersandwoolatanAustralianport.getat:1.learn,discoverorfindoutsth.知悉、发现或查明(某事物)2.reach得到，到达，接近3.(informal)mean;suggest意指(用于进行时)Thetruthissometimesdifficulttogetat.ThefilesarelockedupandIcan’tgetatthem.Whatareyougettingat?abstract:adj.1.existinginthoughtorasanideabutnothavingaphysicalorpracticalexistence抽象的v.2.makewrittensummaryof(abook,etc.)写出(书等的)要点3.removesth;separatesth.(fromsth.)提取，抽取或分离出某物n.4.shortaccountofthecontentsofabook,etc(书籍等的)摘要，概括Translation:1.Wemaytalkofbeautifulthings,butbeautyitselfisabstract2.Heabstractedthespeechinatwo-hundred-wordsummary.3.Wecanabstractheatfromcoal.4.Knowinghowtowriteagoodabstractofapaperisimportanttopostgraduatestudents.suggestive:adj.1.whichbringsnewideastothemind,inadditiontowhatisexpressed启发性的；引起联想的2.whichsuggestsimmoralityor(unacceptable)thoughtofsex使人产生邪念的Hehasgivenasuggestivelecture.Hegaveherasuggestiveglanceandsheblushed.NewwordsandExpressions1BackgroundInformation2DifficultSentences4Exercises5Organization3TextBackgroundInformationKorzybskiWendellJohnsonKorzybski(1879-1950)scholarandphilosopheroflanguagesenttotheUSAin1915onaRussianmilitarymission,andbecomingaUScitizenin1940bestknownastheoriginatorofas