英国历史中英文对照

第一部分英国第一章英国地理1.TheofficialnameoftheUnitedKingdomistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.英国的官方名字叫做大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。2.TherearethreepoliticaldivisionsontheislandsofGreatBritain:England,ScotlandandWales.大不列颠由三个政体组成：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。3.Aboutahundredyearsago,Britainruledanempirethathadonefourthoftheworld’speopleandonefourthoftheworld’slandarea.大约一百年前英国统治了世界四分之一的人口和土地。4.TheBritainEmpirewasreplacedbytheBritaincommonwealthin1931,whichisafreeassociationofindependentcountiesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.5.BritainisseparatedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishChannelinthesouthandtheNorthSeaintheeast.6.Britainhas,forcenturies,beentiltingwiththenorthwestslowlyrising,andthesoutheastslowlysinking.ThenorthandwestofBritainaremainlyhighlands.Thesoutheastandeastaremainlylowlands.7.Thepennies,arangeofhillsrunningfromnorthmidlandstoScottishborder,aretheprincipalmountainchain.8.BenNevisinScotlandisthehighestmountaininBritain,andtheLoughNeaghinNorthernIrelandisthelargestlakeinBritain.9.TherearethreenaturalzonesinScotland:thehighlandsinthenorth,thecentrallowlands,andthesouthernuplands.ThelowlandsinthecentercomprisemostlytheforthandClydevalleys.10.Edinburgh,CardiffandBelfastarethecapitalsofScotland,WalesandNorthernIreland.11.Scotlandhasabout800islands,includingtheOrkney,ShetlandsandHebrides.苏格兰有800座岛屿，包括奥克内群岛，设得烂群岛和赫不里德群岛。12.Besides,theTweed,theTyne,theTeesandtheThamesRiversontheeastcoastallfacetheNorthSeaportsontheEuropeancontinent.除此以外，东海岸的邓恩河，泰河，迪斯河和泰晤士河都面临欧洲大陆上的北海各港口。13.ThelongestriverinBritainistheSevernRiver.ThemostimportantriverisThamesRiver.RiverClydeisthemostimportantriverinScotland.英国最长的河流是赛文河，最重要的河流是泰晤士河。克莱德河是苏格兰最重要的河流。14.ThoughtheweatherinBritainissochangeableandunpredictable,theclimateisinfactafavorableone.Britainhasasteadyreliablerainfallthroughoutthewholeyear.虽然英国的天气总是如此变化无常，无法预测，但实际上英国的天气相当宜人。英国全年有稳定的降雨量。15.Britainhasapopulationof57411000.itisadenselypopulatedcountrywithanaverageof237peoplepersquarekilometer,anditisveryunevenlydistributed.90%ofthepopulationisurban,andonly10%isrural.英国人口为57411000。它是一个人口稠密，分布不均的国家，每平方公里平均237人，90％的人生活在城镇，只有10％的人居住在农村。16.theEnglishareAnglo-Saxons,butthewelsh,ScotsandIrishareCelts.英格兰人是安各鲁－撒克逊人。而威尔士、苏格兰和爱尔兰人是凯尔特人。17.TheCeltsofWalesdefendedtheirfreedomfor1000yearsandwerenotconqueredbytheEnglishuntil1536.todayaboutaquarterofthewelshpopulationstillspeakwelshastheirfirstlanguageandaboutonepercentspeakonlywelsh.威尔士的凯尔特人为自由战斗了1000年，直到1536年才被英格兰人征服。今天有大约四分之一的威尔士人把威尔士语当作第一语言，大约1％的人只讲威尔士语。18.thoughtheGaeliclanguageisstillheardintheHighlandsandwesternisles,theEnglishlanguageisspokenallovertheScotland.尽管在高地和西部岛屿还能听到盖尔语，但英语却遍及全苏格兰。19.Sincethen,therehasbeenbitterfightingbetweentheProtestantswhoarethedominantgroup,andtheRomanCatholicswhoareseekingmoresocialandeconomicopportunities.从那时起，新教徒和罗马天主教徒间展开了艰苦的斗争，新教徒是统治者，而罗马教徒要求更多社会和经济机会。20.Aboutthreemillionhavecametoliveandfindworksinceworldwarsecond.TheyaremainlyfromtheWestIndies,IndiaandPakistan.自二战以来，约有三百万人来到英国居住，他们主要来自西印度群岛，印度和巴基斯坦。第二节英国的起源（历史部分）21.ThefirstknownsettersofBritainweretheIberians.Moredramaticmonumentswerethehenges,themostimportantofwhichwasStonehengeinWiltshire.人们所知的英国最早居民是伊比例亚人。更为引人注目的是那些圆形石结构，其中最重要的是在维尔特郡发现的巨石阵。22.TheCeltsmayoriginallyhavecomefromeasternandcentralEurope,theycametoBritaininthreemainwaves:thefirstwavewastheGaels,thesecondwasBritonsandthethirdwasBelgae.凯尔特人最初来自于东欧及中欧，他们入侵英国分三次高潮：第一次是盖尔人；第二次是布立吞人；第三次是比利其人。23.JuliusCaesar,thegreatromangeneral,invadedBritainforthefirsttimein55BC.Fornearly400years,Britainwasunderromanoccupation.伟大的罗马将军朱略思，恺撒，于公元前55年第一次入侵英国。将近400年，英国人处于罗马的占领下。24.TheromanbuilttwogreatwallstokeepthePicts.ThereweretheHadrian’swallrunningfromCarlisletoNewcastle,andtheAntoninewalllinkingtheestuariesoftheForthandtheClyde.罗马人修建了2座长城以抵御皮特人。一条是哈德良长城，从卡莱尔到纽卡斯尔，另一条是链接福斯河口和克莱德河口的安东尼长城。25.TheRomansmadeuseofBritain’snaturalresources,mininglead,ironandtinandmanufacturingpottery.罗马人很好地利用了英国的自然资源，开采铅矿、铁矿和锡矿以及生产陶瓷。26.Inthemid-5thcenturyanewwaveofinvaders,Jutes,Saxons,andAnglescametoBritain,theywerethreeTeutonictribes.五世纪中叶，朱特人，撒克逊人和安各鲁人不断入侵英国。这是三支日尔曼部落。27.ThesesevenprincipalkingdomsofKent,Essex,Sussex,Essex,EastAnglia,MerciaandNorthumbriahavegiventhenameofHeptarch.这七个主要的王国：肯特、威塞克斯、苏塞克斯、埃赛克斯、东安各鲁，麦西亚和诺森薄利亚合称七王国。28.Atthebeginningofninthcentury,undertheirkingEgberttheWestSaxonsofdefeatedtheMercies.In829,EgbertbecameanoverlordofalltheEngland.九世纪初，在国王埃格伯特的带领下，西撒克逊人打败了麦西亚人。829年，埃格伯特成了整个英国的最高君主。29.In597,popeGregoryIsentst.AugustinetoEnglandtoconverttheheathenEnglishtoChristianity.Augustinewasremarkablysuccessfullyinconvertingthekingandthenobility.597年，教皇格里高利派遣圣奥古斯廷去英格兰，使异教徒的英国人皈依基督教。在使国王和贵族皈依基督教方面，圣奥古斯廷特别成功。30.Alferd,kingofWessex,wasstrongenoughtodefeattheDanes.Heisknownasthe“fatherofBritainnavy”.威塞克斯的国王阿尔佛雷德非常强大，打败了丹麦人，他以“英国海军之父”闻名于史。31.WhenEthebred’sdeathleftnostrongSaxonsuccessor,theWitanchoseCanutetheDanishleader,askingin1016.埃塞尔雷德死后没有留下有实力的撒克逊继承人，于是贤人会议选择了丹麦首领克努特为国王。32.KingEdwardseemedmoreconcernedwithbuildingWestminsterAbbeythanwithaffairsofstate.HewasfarmoreNormanthanSaxon.爱德华国王对国事的关心远不及对威斯敏斯特大教堂的修建，他更像诺曼人而非撒克逊人。33.Anglo-SaxonEnglandpe