动名词用法(知识梳理)

动名词用法真题再现1.______thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.A.IgnoreB.IgnoringC.IgnoredD.Havingignored2.ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfromintheSouthChinaSea.A.attackingB.havingattackedC.beingattackedD.havingbeenattacked3.It’snouse_______withouttakinganyaction.A.complainB.complainingC.beingcomplainedD.tobecomplained4.Ihadgreatdifficulty_______thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.A.findB.foundC.tofindD.finding5.Lydiadoesn’tfeellike_______abroad.Herparentsareold.A.studyB.studyingC.studiedD.tostudy1.B。本题考查的动名词的用法，句意为：忽视了这两个研究结果的区别将会是你犯的最严重错误之一。2.C。preventsbfromdoingsth“阻止某人做某事”，本句中的fishingboats和attack是被动关系，所以选择C项，句意：中国最近加紧黄岩岛的水域控制来阻止中国渔船在中国南海被袭击。3.B。句意：不采取任何行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。It’snousedoing是固定句式，所以B项为正确答案。4.D。句意：在那个餐馆，我很难从菜单上找到合适的食物。havedifficulty/trouble/problem(in)doing...(做……有困难)是固定搭配，所以选D项。5.B。句意：Lydia不想出国读书，因为她的父母都老了。这里用固定搭配feellikedoingsth.表示“想要做某事”，只有B项符合搭配。知识讲解动名词有两个特点：它是从动词变化而来的，所以它保留了动词的某些特征，它能带自己的宾语、状语等，这时就叫动名词短语；动名词最大的特点是它相当于一个名词，因此，动名词可以在句中作主语、宾语等，动名词也有像名词一样的“所有格形式”。动名词作主语动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。FightingbrokeoutbetweentheSouthandtheNorth.Breathingbecamedifficultatthataltitude.ReadingEnglishaloudinthemorningwilldoyoualotofgood.Cheatingonanexamruinsone'scharacter.Hisbeingelectedourchairmanmadeusthinkofalot.动名词作主语时，常用It句式。It’s+nogood(nouse,fun,apleasure,awasteoftime)+doing…It’snogoodreadingindimlight.It’snousesittingherewaiting.Itisnousewaitingforhimanylonger.It's＋adj.＋doingIt’sdangerousswimmingintheseainwindydays.Itisdangeroususingthismethodtomeasurethespeedoflight.Itisworthwhileconsultingyourtutoraboutitagain.这样用的形容词有expensive,nice,tiring等，但important,necessary则不适用于这种结构，应用不定式代替It’simportantforyoutokeepfit.Thereisnodoing...Thereisnosayingwhatwillhappennext.Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.ThereisnodenyingthefactthatChinahasmadearapidprogressineveryaspectsinceitwasfounded.Thereisnolitteringabout.动名词作定语动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示“用于……的”或表示“处于某件事情中的……”含义。swimmingpool游泳池readingmaterial阅读材料walkingstick手杖floatingneedle浮针openingspeech开幕词listeningaid助听器waitingroom候车室runningwater自来水动名词作表语动名词作表语的时候，注意不要与现在进行时混淆。动名词作表语，表达的是“某件事”等。Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.（动名词）Hispart-timejobispromotingnewproductsforthecompany.（动名词）Readingisforsurelearning,butapplyingisalsolearningtoagreaterextent.（动名词）Theirtaskisexploringoilminesinthewest.（动名词）现在分词作表语和动名词作表语的区别：用作表语的分词通常具有形容词性质，有的已经转化为形容词。Hisstorywastouching.Yourquestionispuzzling.现在分词作表语表示主语的性质和特征，动名词作表语是对主语的内容进一步说明和解释。Myjobissellingshoes,anditischallenging.(sellingshoes为动名词短语；challenging为现在分词)动名词作表语和可以和主语互，而现在分词不行，可以说：Sellingshoesismyjob.但不能说：Challengingisthejob.动名词作宾语跟在及物动词后做宾语。Hemanagedtoescapesufferingfromthedisease.Afterhearingthefunnystory,allofuscouldn'thelplaughingeartoear.Excusemyinterruptingyouforawhile.Prof.Smithconsideredgivinghisstudentsareadinglistbeforetheystartedthenextchapter.Whenhecamebackhomefromhisnightshift,Jasontriedtoavoidwakeninghisfamily.Thesuspectdeniedturningonthecomputerintheofficethatnight.介词后面用动名词作宾语。I’mlookingforwardtoyourcomingnexttime.OnhearingourdelegationinLondonhadwonsomanygoldmedals,wecheeredupwithgreatjoy.Theyareagainstusingsomanyanimalsinexperiments.Heapologizedforinterruptingus.Thankyouforofferingmesomuchhelp.Heisfondofwatchingsports-games.动词或介词后面接动名词时，动名词短语也可以用完成时态或被动语态。Thesecretarywasscoldedfornothavingfinishedtypingthereportintime.Iregrethavingsaidsomerudewordstomybrother.Wehavenoideaoftheirhavingdonesuchkindofthing.Afterhavingbeentreatedinthespecialway,hecoulddealwitheverythingaroundhimsmoothly.Hecan'trememberhavingbeenscoldedbyhisbossforthatmatter.Peoplehatebeingpraisedfornothing.Theproblemisfarfrombeingsolved.Shedidn'tmindbeingleftaloneathome.动名词完成式的用法动名词完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作，有时和动名词的一般式可以互换。Heapologizedforhavingbrokentherules.Heforgothavingpromisedtowritetoher.Ihavenoideaofhavingseensuchaperson.Irememberseeing/havingseenhersomewhere.动名词被动式的用法当动名词的逻辑主语和动名词为被动关系时，动名词要用被动式。Thequestionisfarfrombeingsettled.在need,require,want等后接-ing形式，表示被动意义，也可接不定式，但要用被动形式。Yourcarneedsfilling(tobefilled).Thiscitydeservesvisiting(tobevisited).Theproblemrequiresstudying(tobestudied)carefully.Thetreeswantwatering(tobewatered).beworthy后接动名词要用主动表被动：当beworth后接动词时，习惯于接动名词，并且用主动形式表示被动含义.Thebookiswellworthreading.Thebookisnotworthkeepingatall.后接动名词的动词和短语：admit,avoid,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,permit,practice,postpone,resist,stand,suggest,understand,beusedto,bebusy,can’thelp,itisnogood,itisnouse,there’snopoint(in),keepon记忆口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否定完成停欣赏，不禁介意弃逃亡。部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大：forget,remember,regret后接不定式，表示现在或未来的动作，接动名词表示动作已经发生。Don’tforgettoposttheletterforme.HaveyouforgottenmeetingherinBeijingAirport?Remembertoclosethewindowsbeforeyouleave.Irememberwritinghimaletterayearago.Weregrettotellyouthatallofyouarenotinvitedtoattendthemeeting.Theyregrettedorderingthesebooksfromabroad.meantodo打算做某事/meandoing意味着……Imeanttocatchupwiththeearlybus.Thismeanswastingalotofmoney.trytodo设法尽力做某事/doing试着做某事Youshouldtrytoovercomeyou