气候变化英语文章

Weathersurroundsusallthetime.WeneedtochoosewhichclothesIneedtoweardependontheweather.Earth’smildclimateevenensuresthatwecangrowfoodandenjoyahappylife.Inaword,weatherinfluencesourlifedeeply.Climatechangemeansabigchangeintheworld’sclimateanddescribestheprocessbywhichtheovercallclimatemovesfromoneaveragetoanewaverage.Theclimatehaschangedalot.20,000yearsagowasthelastIceAge.Nowadays,theclimateofearthischangingbecauseofus.Theeffectsofclimatechangealsoarehappeningtotheworld’srain.Alotofareasoftenhappenedlongdroughts,bigfloods,strongwindsandstorms.Manypeoplewerekilledandlosttheirfamily.Theextremeweatherishappeningmoreoftenthanbeforebecauseofclimatechange.Forexample,theaveragetemperaturehasrisen1.2degreesinJanuaryfrom2010to2013andthehighesttemperatureevengetto45.7degreesinAdelaide.ClimatedataforAdelaide(KentTown,1977–2013)MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYearRecordhigh°C(°F)45.7(114.3)44.3(111.7)41.9(107.4)36.9(98.4)29.2(84.6)25.4(77.7)23.1(73.6)30.4(86.7)34.3(93.7)39.0(102.2)43.0(109.4)42.5(108.5)45.7(114.3)Averagehigh°C(°F)29.3(84.7)29.4(84.9)26.4(79.5)22.7(72.9)18.9(66)16.1(61)15.3(59.5)16.6(61.9)19.0(66.2)21.8(71.2)25.2(77.4)27.0(80.6)22.3(72.1)Averagelow°C(°F)17.1(62.8)17.2(63)15.3(59.5)12.4(54.3)10.2(50.4)8.1(46.6)7.5(45.5)8.2(46.8)9.7(49.5)11.5(52.7)14.1(57.4)15.6(60.1)12.2(54)Recordlow°C(°F)9.2(48.6)9.5(49.1)7.2(45)4.3(39.7)1.5(34.7)−0.4(31.3)0.4(32.7)1.6(34.9)2.6(36.7)4.7(40.5)5.3(41.5)8.0(46.4)−0.4(31.3)Rainfallmm(inches)19.0(0.748)13.5(0.531)27.2(1.071)39.6(1.559)59.9(2.358)79.3(3.122)75.9(2.988)69.2(2.724)58.7(2.311)42.8(1.685)30.2(1.189)28.6(1.126)544.9(21.453)Avg.rainydays(≥0.2mm)4.43.65.88.012.114.916.316.613.410.28.27.0120.5Meanmonthlysunshinehours325.5285.3266.6219.0167.4138.0148.8186.0204.0257.3273.0294.52,765.4Source:BureauofMeteorology[1]Inrecentyears,scientistshavenoticedthatearth’saveragetemperaturehasbeenrising.Thephenomenonisreferredtoasglobalwarming.Globalwarmingiscreatedbycomplexchangesintheatmosphere,whicharecausedbyincreasesingreenhousegases.Greenhousegasesarespecialgasesintheatmosphere,whichhavekepttheearth’stemperatureconstantforthepast5000years.Thecommongreenhousegasesarecarbondioxide.Carbondioxideoccursnaturallyintheatmosphere,buthumansalsogeneratethem.Whenweburnfossilfuelssuchascoal,gasandpetroleum.Morefuelisburned,themorecarbondioxideisproducedanddischargeditintheatmosphere.Moreandmoregreenhousegasesbecomepartoftheatmosphere,moreheatistrappedandtheearth’soveralltemperaturerises.Climatechangeisaglobalproblem.Alltheworldgovernmentsneedtoworktogethertofindanswerstotheproblem.In1992,alotofcountriesagreedtoworktogetherinordertosolvethoseproblems.Theymadeagroup,theUNFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC).TheirClimatedataforAdelaideAirport(1981-2010)MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYearRecordhigh°C(°F)44.0(111.2)43.6(110.5)40.8(105.4)36.9(98.4)28.6(83.5)26.1(79)22.3(72.1)29.9(85.8)33.4(92.1)38.0(100.4)43.1(109.6)42.4(108.3)44.0(111.2)Averagehigh°C(°F)28.1(82.6)28.4(83.1)25.6(78.1)22.2(72)18.7(65.7)15.8(60.4)14.9(58.8)16.0(60.8)18.3(64.9)21.1(70)24.2(75.6)25.9(78.6)21.6(70.9)Averagelow°C(°F)16.3(61.3)16.4(61.5)14.6(58.3)11.8(53.2)9.8(49.6)7.8(46)7.1(44.8)7.7(45.9)9.1(48.4)10.8(51.4)13.3(55.9)14.9(58.8)11.6(52.9)Recordlow°C(°F)8.9(48)9.0(48.2)5.6(42.1)3.2(37.8)1.2(34.2)−2.6(27.3)−1.0(30.2)−0.2(31.6)1.7(35.1)3.1(37.6)4.7(40.5)7.3(45.1)−2.6(27.3)Rainfallmm(inches)16.9(0.665)13.1(0.516)23.2(0.913)31.1(1.224)48.3(1.902)60.9(2.398)58.3(2.295)52.7(2.075)47.3(1.862)36.5(1.437)23.6(0.929)25.5(1.004)437.4(17.22)Avg.rainydays2.82.13.45.28.110.710.611.18.16.14.13.776.0Meanmonthlysunshinehours325.5280269.7219173.6141155192.2213260.4279288.32,796.7taskismakingaplanforagainstclimatechange.In1997,theUNFCCCmadeitsplan.Theplanwas“eachcountryhasalimittoitsgreenhousegasesandtheyshouldn’tputmoregreenhousegasesintotheatmospherethanitslimit”.Inthatcase,somecountieshavetouseenvironmentallyfriendly/sustainable/renewableenergyinsteadofburningoilorfuel.Scientistshavebeendevelopingwaysofgeneratingelectricitythatproducelesscarbondioxide.However,someofthesehavedisadvantagesandlimitations.WindpowercreatesnogreenhousegasesorairpollutionModernturbinesdon’thavenoisepollution.WindenergyisrenewableenergyThecostofwindenergyisexpensiveWindenergyhasalotoflimitedfactorsforexampleifthewindisnotblowing,windturbinecan’tworkNuclearpowercanproducehugeamountsofelectricity.Runninganuclearpowerplantisrelativelycheap.Nuclearpowerdoesnotproducegreenhousegasemissions.Nevertheless,therisksofnuclearpoweraretoogreat.Forexample,theFukushimaNuclearPowerPlantinJapanwasdestroyedbecauseofanearthquake.Highlevelsofnuclearradiationspreadthroughoutthearea.TheChernobylaccidentinRussiaresultedineveryoneabandoningthisareauntilrecently.Thecostofbuildinganuclearpowerplantisveryexpensiveandtheyhavetobereplacedevery60years.Uraniumcannotbefoundeverywhereanditisalimitedresource.Australiahasthelargestdepositsofuraniumintheworld.Everycountryhastheirownideasandplans,sotheymaynotbeabletocollaboratesuccessfully.TheKyotoProtocoldidnotstartuntil200