语音学与语言学练习集【刘润清版】

1语言学复习习题集PartOneExercisesforPhoneticsI.Fillintheblanks1．________phoneticsstudiesthemovementofthevocalorgansofproducingthesoundsofspeech.2:Speechtakesplacewhentheorgansofspeechmovetoproducepatternsofsound.Thesemovementshaveaneffectonthe_________comingfromthelungs.3.Consonantsoundscanbeeither_________or_________,whileallvowelsoundsare_________.4.Consonantsoundscanalsobemadewhentwoorgansofspeechinthemoutharebroughtclosetogethersothattheairispushedoutbetweenthem,causing_________..5.Thequalitiesofvowelsdependuponthepositionofthe_________andthetips.6.Oneelementinthedescriptionofvowelsisthepartofthetonguewhichisatthehighestpointinthemouth.Asecondelementisthe_________towhichthatpartofthetongueisraised.7.Consonantsdifferfromvowelsinthatthelatterareproducedwithout_________.8.Inphonologicalanalysisthewordsfail-veilaredistinguishablesimplybecauseofthetwophonemes/f/-/v/_________.9.InEnglishthereareanumberof_________,whichareproducedbymovingfromonevowelpositiontoanotherthroughinterveningpositions.10_________referstothephenomenonofsoundscontinuallyshowtheinfluenceoftheirneighbours.11._________isthesmallestlinguisticunit.12.Accordingto_________,whenthereisachoiceastowheretoplaceaconsonant,itisputintotheonsetratherthanthecoda.II.Choosethebestanswer.13.Pitchvariationisknownas_________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.A.intonationB.toneC.pronunciationD.voice14.Conventionallya_________isputinslashes.A.allophoneB.phoneC.phonemeD.morpheme15.Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare_________ofthepphoneme.A.analoguesB.tagmemesC.morphemesD.allophones216.'Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas_________.A.gottisB.vocalcavityC.pharynxD.uvula17.Thediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthecenterareknownas_________diphthongs.A.wideB.closingC.narrowD.centering18.AphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalledA.minimalpairsB.allomorphsG.phonesD.allophones19.Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?A.Acousticphonetics.B.Articulatoryphonetics.C.Auditoryphonetics.D.Neitherofthem.20.Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtomannersofarticulation?A.[z]B.[w]C.[ø]D.[v]21.Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?A.[n]C.[1]B.[m]D.[P]22.Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?A.[i:]B.[u]C.[e]D.[i]23.Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?A.VoicelessB.VoicedC.GlottalstopD.Consonant24.Whichconsonantrepresentsthefollowingdescription:voicelesslabiodentalfricative?A.[f]B.[ø]C.[z]D.[s]III.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue[T]orfalse[F].–______25.Ofthethreephoneticsbranches,thelongestestablishedone,anduntilrecentlythemosthighlydeveloped,isacousticphonetics.–______26.Sound[p]inthewordspitisanunaspiratedstop.______27.Supersegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment-phoneme,suchassyllable,wordandsentence.______28.Theairstreamprovidedbythelungshastoundergoanumberofmodificationtoacquirethequalityofaspeechsound.______29.Twosoundsareinfreevariationwhentheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddonotcontrast,namely,thesubstitutionofonefortheother.______30.[p]isvoicedbilabialstop.______31.Acousticphoneticsisconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeechsounds.______32.Allsyllablesmusthaveanucleusbutnotallsyllablescontainanonsetandacoda.______33.Whenpureormonophthongsarepronounced,novowelglidestakeplace.______34.Accordingtothelengthortensenessofthepronunciation,vowelscanbe3dividedintotensevs.laxorlongvs.short.______35.ReceivedPronunciationisthepronunciationacceptedbymostpeople.______36.Themaximalonsetprinciplestatesthatwhenthereisachoiceastoiswheretoplaceaconsonant,itisputintothecodaratherthantheonset.Explainthefollowingterms.37.Minimalpair38.Soundassimilation39.Suprasegmentalfeature40.Freevariation41.Roundedvowel42.Pitch43.Vowelglides44.Anticipatorycoarticulation45.Allophones46.Complementarydistribution47.Distinctivefeatures48.SonorityscaleV.Answerthefollowingquestions.49.Whatismeantbyphonetictranscription?50.Inwhichtwowaysmayconsonantsbeclassified?KeysI.Fillintheblanks.1.Articulatory2.airstrem3.voiced;voiceless;voiced4.friction5.tongue6.height7.obstruction8.minimalpairs9.diphthongs10.Coarticulation11.Phonemes12.themaximalonsetprincipleII.Choosethebestanswer.13.A14.C15.D16.A17.A18.D19.B20.B21.A22.B23.B24.AIII.DecidewhethertheMowingstatementsaretrue[T]orfalse[F].35.[F]Itshouldbearticulatoryphonetics.26.[T]27.[T]28.[T]29.[T]30.[F]Itisavoicelessbilabialstop.31.[F]Acousticphoneticsisthestudyofthephysicalpropertiesofthesoundsproducedinspeech.32.[T]33.[T]34.[T]35.[F]InmanycasesthepronunciationofEnglishdependsonindividualspeaker'saccentandpersonalpreference.However,oneformofEnglishpronunciationisthemostcommonmodelaccentintheteachingofEnglishasaforeignlanguage.ItiscalledReceivedPronunciation.36.[F]Themaximalonsetprinciplestatesthatwhenthereisachoiceastowheretoplaceaconsonant,itisputintotheonsetratherthanthecoda.PartTwoExercisesforMorphologyExercisesI.Fillintheblanks.1.Takeisthe______oftaking,takenandtook.42.Boundmorphemesareclassifi