2021高考英语二轮总复习课件：第三编-第二层级-精通“句法”——求满分-

第三编核心语法必备第二层级精通“句法”——求满分英语内容索引考点1并列句、感叹句、祈使句考点2定语从句考点3名词性从句考点4状语从句考点5特殊句式(强调句、倒装句、省略句、therebe句型)考点1并列句、感叹句、祈使句[考点清单]探考点寻规律1.并列句★并列句的构成(1)用并列连词连接。Wefishedallday,butwedidn’tcatchone.(2)用分号连接。Shetriedherbest;shefailed,however.★表示转折或对比关系的并列连词:but,yet(然而,可是),while(然而)★表示并列或递进关系的并列连词:and,notonly...but(also),both...and...,neither...nor...★表示选择关系的并列连词:or,either...or...,not...but...★表示因果关系的并列连词:so,for(因为)★特殊并列连词:when★when可用作并列连词,意为“就在这时,那时”,常用于下列句式:bedoingsthwhen...正在做某事,就在这时……beabouttodosthwhen...马上要做某事,就在这时……beonthepointofdoingsthwhen...正要做某事,就在这时……hadjustdonesthwhen...刚刚做某事,就在这时……2.感叹句★what引导感叹句的结构:What+a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)!What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!Whatinterestingbookstheyare!★how引导感叹句的结构:How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!How+主语+谓语!Howsurprisingitis!HowIwishtojointhefootballclub!★“What+a(n)+形容词+名词(+主语+谓语)!”与“How+形容词+a(n)+名词(+主语+谓语)!”可以互换,但应注意冠词的位置:WhatalongwayitisfromBeijingtoGuangzhou!=HowlongawayitisfromBeijingtoGuangzhou!3.祈使句★肯定结构:动词原形+其他★否定结构:否定形式用don’t,位于句首且只能用缩略形式。★可以加助动词do,或使用always或never加强语气。Doletmeknowthetruth.Nevertellalietoanyone.★“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”,有时祈使句部分也可以用名词短语。Workhard,andyouwillpasstheexam.Morehealthyfood,oryouwillbreakdownsoon.[考点对练]单句语法填空1.Theywantedtocharge$5,000forthee-bike,wemanagedtobringthepricedown.2.You’dbettermakegreaterefforts,youwon’tgetnextsemester’sscholarship.but前后两句之间为转折关系,故使用连词but。or由句意可知用or(否则)。3.ThecostoflivinginHaikouisamongthelowest,thequalityoflifeisprobablyoneofthehighest.4.Fatherwasabouttoclosethewindowhisattentionwascaughtbyaninjuredbird.5.Pleasedomeafavour—(invite)myfriendMr.SmithtoYouthTheaterat7:30tonight.while前后两句具有对比或转折关系,故使用并列连词while(然而)或but。when由句意可知应填when,使用了“beabouttodosthwhen...”结构。invite句中破折号表示解释说明,空格后是祈使句,故用动词原形。6.Itisoftensaidthatthejoyoftravellingisnotinarrivingatyourdestinationinthejourneyitself.7.Insomeplaceswomenareexpectedtoearnmoneymenworkathomeandraisetheirchildren.but句中使用“not...but...”连接两个并列成分。while前后句之间表示对比关系,故使用while。8.Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.9.Whathesawwasthatacarrandirectlyintothetree.aterriblesceneitwas!10.Beforeyouresignfromthecompany,(consider)howyourfamilywouldfeelaboutyourdecision.for使用并列连词for解释前一句情况的原因。What感叹句的中心词是名词“scene”,应使用what。consider空格部分是祈使句,故用动词原形。课课练随堂清语法填空Eachschoolyearbeginsasusualthoughyoumayfeelworriedaboutyourhardstudy.Otherteens,includingmanySenior1students,are1.nervousandexcitedbecausetheywillhavetonsofnewthingstodealwith—newteachers,newfriendsandevenanewschool.Therearenewworries,2.theywon’tstayaroundforlong.Ifyouknowwhattodo,youcaneasilymakeyourback-to-schoolworriesgoaway.bothbutOnthefirstday,mostteacherstalkaboutallthecoolthingstodoatschoolthisyear.Manyteachersalsoaskstudentstotelltheclasssomethingaboutthemselves.3.(prepare)somethingtosay.And4.(be)nicetoyourclassmates.Thatcanbringyounewfriends.Sayhellotothoseyouknow5.tothenewonesinyourclass.6.helpfulitistobefriendly!Tomakeyoufeelbetter,itmighthelptowearniceclothesonthefirstdayofschool.Tryyourfavouritepairofjeans7.anicenewT-shirtfromthesummerholiday.Ifyouhavetowearaschooluniform,8.(wear)somethingcool!PreparebeandHowor/andwearThefollowingtipsmayhelpyoutogetreadyforthenewtermmorequickly.·Getenoughsleepatnight,9.don’tsleepinclass.·Trytogotoschoolwithahappyfaceeveryday.·Joinsomestudentclubs.10.remembernottoignoreyourschoolwork.andBut考点2定语从句[考点清单]探考点寻规律1.定语从句的分类★限制性定语从句:对先行词起修饰、限制作用,不能用逗号与先行词隔开。Shehastwodaughterswhoworkinthesamecompany.★非限制性定语从句:对先行词或主句起补充说明作用,与先行词或主句之间常用逗号隔开。Shehastwodaughters,whoworkinthesamecompany.2.who,whom,whose引导定语从句★先行词指人时,who/that在从句中若作主语,则不可省略;whom/who/that若在从句中作宾语,则可省略。★先行词是those时用who引导定语从句。★“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句,如果先行词指人,用whom指代且不可省略。★whose在定语从句中一般指人,有时也可指物,在从句中作定语。3.that,which引导定语从句★当先行词是不定代词all,little,few,much,anything,everything,nothing,none,some等时,关系代词只用that。★当先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,theright,thelast,few,just等修饰时,关系代词只用that。★先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰,或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时,关系代词只用that。★当先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词只能用that。★引导非限制性定语从句时,关系代词只能用which。★位于介词后时,关系代词只能用which。4.as引导定语从句★用于限制性定语从句:当先行词前被such,thesame修饰时,关系代词用as。★用于非限制性定语从句:as引导的从句可以位于主句前,主句后,或位于主句中间。★as表示说话人对所说话语的看法、态度,具有“正如,像”等意义,常与动词know,see,hear,remember,say,show,expect,guess等连用。Asweallknow,sheisafamousfilmstar.Aswehadexpected,theparents’meetingworkedoutverywell.5.where,when,why引导定语从句★where在从句中作地点状语,它的先行词通常为place,spot等表示地点的名词。★case,point,condition,situation等先行词虽不表示具体的地点,但表达一种“地步,境地,形势”,此时也应用where引导从句。Canyouthinkofacasewhereyouaremistakenbyothers,butyoucan’ttellthetruth?Itseemsthattheirrelationhasreachedthepointwheretheyhavetodivorce.★when在从句中作时间状语,先行词通常为time,year等表示时间的名词。★why在从句中作原因状语,它的先行词只有reason。★when,where,why引导从句时,均可与“介词+which”结构换用:Jinanisacitywhere/inwhichtherearemanywell-knownsprings.I’llneverforgetthedayswhen/duringwhichwetraveledtogether.Thatisthereasonwhy/forwhichshetoldalietoherhusband.★先行词虽然是表示时间、地点或原因的名词,但从句中缺少的不是状语,而是主语、宾语时,定语从句的关系词应为that/which,切不可选when,where,why。Therearetwopoints(that/which)wemuststickto.Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isespeciallybeautifulinautumn.6.“介词+which/whom”引导定语从句★代替when,where,why引导定语从句Iforgottheexactp