关于单片机讲义

世界观人人都有，而哲学只有经过系统的学习的人才能掌握它。世界观是自发成的，是不系统的、不自觉的、缺乏严密的逻辑和理论论证，而哲学则是把自发的、零散的、朴素的世界观加以理论化和系统化，因而具有严密的逻辑和完整的理论体系。appearanceoftheweldappearancequalitytechnicalrequirementsoftheprojectmustnothaveamoltenmetalstreamdoesnotmeltthebasemetaltoweld,weldseamandheat-affectedzonesurfacemustnothavecracks,pores,defectssuchascraterandash,surfacesmoothing,weldandbasemetalshouldbeevenlysmoothtransition.Width2-3mmfromtheedgeofweldGroove.Surfacereinforcementshouldbelessthanorequalto1+0.2timestheslopeedgewidth,andshouldnotbegreaterthan4mm.Depthofundercutshouldbelessthanorequalto0.5mm,totallengthoftheweldsonbothsidesundercutnotexceed10%oftheweldlength,andlongcontinuousshouldnotbegreaterthan100mm.Wrongsideshouldbelessthanorat0.2T,andshouldnotbegreaterthan2mm(wallthicknessmmt)incompleteornotallow7.57.5.1installationqualityprocessstandardsoftheelectricalenclosureCabinetsurfaceisclean,neat,nosignificantphenomenonofconvex,closetonature,closethedoor.7.5.2CabinetCabinetfacepaintsnopaint,returnedtorusted,consistentcolor.7.5.3uniformindirectgapfromtoptobottom,slotwidth1.5mm7.5.4adjacentCabinetsurfaceroughnessis0.7.5.5thecabinetsfirmlyfixed,craftsbeautiful.7.5.6Cabinetsurfacegauge,switchcabinetmarkclear,neat,firmpaste.7.5.7Terminalrowofneat,isreliable,theappearanceiscleanandnotdamaged.7.5.8cablesneatandclean,solidbinding,bindingprocessinappearance.7.5.9thefirstcableproductionfirm,craftsbeautiful,clearsignagedoesnotfade.7.5.10fireproofpluggingtight,nocracksandpores.7.67.6.1ofthestandardelectricalwiringqualitytechnologycablea,themulti-corewirebuncharrangementshouldbeparalleltoeachother,horizontalwireharnessorwireshouldbeperpendiculartothelongitudinalmulti-corewirebunch.Thedistancebetweenthewireharnessandwireharnesssymmetry,andascloseaspossible.B-corewiringharnessintoround,multi-corewirebunchusedgwirebinding,fastening第1章概述1.1数字的进制计算机最基本的功能就是对数进行计算和处理，每一个数在机器中是用器件的物理状态来表示的，计算机是用器件的两种物理状态来表示数的变化，即利用器件的高电平“1”和器件的低电平“0”这两种状态；不同的0和1组合就可表示不同的数或值。如：就表示88H；而计算机在对数进行处理时只认0和1，所以就有以下的不同数制的转换。(1)十进制数(DecimalNumber)十进制数是日常生活中使用最广的计数制。组成十进制数的符号有0，1，2，3，4，5，6，7，8，9等共十个符号，我们称这些符号为数码。在十进制中，每一位有0～9共十个数码，所以计数的基数为10。超过9就必须用多位数来表示。十进制数的运算遵循加法时：“逢十进一”，减法时：“借一当十”。(2)二进制数(BinaryNumber)与十进制相似，二进制数也遵循两个规则：仅有两个不同的数码，即0,1；进/借位规则为：逢二进一,借一当二。将8位(bit)二进制数称为一个字节,字节是计算机存储信息的基本数据单位。这就要说到存储器的容量单位：1024B=1K1024KB=1M1024MB=1G（3）二进制数在计算机系统中处理很方便，但当位数较多时，比较难记忆及书写，为了减小位数，通常将二进制数用十六进制表示。十六进制是计算机系统中除二进制数之外使用较多的进制，其遵循的两个规则为：其有0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E，F等共十六个数码，其分别对应于十进制数的0～15;十六进制数的加减法的进／借位规则为：借一当十六，逢十六进一。十六进制数同二进制数及十进制数一样，也可以写成展开式的形式。注：在数制使用时，常将各种数制用简码来表示：如十进制数用D表示或省略；二进制用B来表示；十六进制数用H来表示。世界观人人都有，而哲学只有经过系统的学习的人才能掌握它。世界观是自发成的，是不系统的、不自觉的、缺乏严密的逻辑和理论论证，而哲学则是把自发的、零散的、朴素的世界观加以理论化和系统化，因而具有严密的逻辑和完整的理论体系。appearanceoftheweldappearancequalitytechnicalrequirementsoftheprojectmustnothaveamoltenmetalstreamdoesnotmeltthebasemetaltoweld,weldseamandheat-affectedzonesurfacemustnothavecracks,pores,defectssuchascraterandash,surfacesmoothing,weldandbasemetalshouldbeevenlysmoothtransition.Width2-3mmfromtheedgeofweldGroove.Surfacereinforcementshouldbelessthanorequalto1+0.2timestheslopeedgewidth,andshouldnotbegreaterthan4mm.Depthofundercutshouldbelessthanorequalto0.5mm,totallengthoftheweldsonbothsidesundercutnotexceed10%oftheweldlength,andlongcontinuousshouldnotbegreaterthan100mm.Wrongsideshouldbelessthanorat0.2T,andshouldnotbegreaterthan2mm(wallthicknessmmt)incompleteornotallow7.57.5.1installationqualityprocessstandardsoftheelectricalenclosureCabinetsurfaceisclean,neat,nosignificantphenomenonofconvex,closetonature,closethedoor.7.5.2CabinetCabinetfacepaintsnopaint,returnedtorusted,consistentcolor.7.5.3uniformindirectgapfromtoptobottom,slotwidth1.5mm7.5.4adjacentCabinetsurfaceroughnessis0.7.5.5thecabinetsfirmlyfixed,craftsbeautiful.7.5.6Cabinetsurfacegauge,switchcabinetmarkclear,neat,firmpaste.7.5.7Terminalrowofneat,isreliable,theappearanceiscleanandnotdamaged.7.5.8cablesneatandclean,solidbinding,bindingprocessinappearance.7.5.9thefirstcableproductionfirm,craftsbeautiful,clearsignagedoesnotfade.7.5.10fireproofpluggingtight,nocracksandpores.7.67.6.1ofthestandardelectricalwiringqualitytechnologycablea,themulti-corewirebuncharrangementshouldbeparalleltoeachother,horizontalwireharnessorwireshouldbeperpendiculartothelongitudinalmulti-corewirebunch.Thedistancebetweenthewireharnessandwireharnesssymmetry,andascloseaspossible.B-corewiringharnessintoround,multi-corewirebunchusedgwirebinding,fastening如：十制数123表示为：123D或者123;二进制数1011表示为:1011B；十六进制数3A4表示为:3A4H。十进制数二进制数十六进制数000000100011200102300113401004501015601106701117810008910019101010A111011B121100C131101D141110E151111F1610000101.2各种进制相互转换(1)二进制与十进制的转换二转十：=1+4+8+32+64世界观人人都有，而哲学只有经过系统的学习的人才能掌握它。世界观是自发成的，是不系统的、不自觉的、缺乏严密的逻辑和理论论证，而哲学则是把自发的、零散的、朴素的世界观加以理论化和系统化，因而具有严密的逻辑和完整的理论体系。appearanceoftheweldappearancequalitytechnicalrequirementsoftheprojectmustnothaveamoltenmetalstreamdoesnotmeltthebasemetaltoweld,weldseamandheat-affectedzonesurfacemustnothavecracks,pores,defectssuchascraterandash,surfacesmoothing,weldandbasemetalshouldbeevenlysmoothtransition.Width2-3mmfromtheedg