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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 初中教育 > 高中英语语法省略课件
为了避免重复,句子中某些部分可以省略。省略省略一、简单句中的省略一个句子中有时一个或更多的成分被省略,这样的句子称为省略句。省略主要出现在下列情况中:1.省略主语(It)Soundslikeagoodidea.(这个)听起来是个好主意。(I)Begyourpardon?请(你)再说一遍?(2007·成都)—Hi,Sam,I'mgoingtotakealongwalkalongthesunnybeachandgoswimmingtoday.—________!A.HowniceyouareB.That'sallrightC.SoundsgreatD.Goodexercise解析:考查交际用语。这道题实际上是将主谓一致和交际用语结合起来进行考查。当对方提出建议,你认为是个好主意的时候,可以说That'sagoodidea./Thatsoundsgreat./Thatsoundsgood.在口语中,我们常常把主语省略,但如果省略的主语是第三人称单数,其动词仍然需要加上s。答案:C2.省略谓语或谓语的一部分(Does)Anybodyneedhelp?谁需要帮忙?(Isthere)Anythingtodrink?有喝的吗?②—Becareful!Don'tforgetyouareonaladder.—Butyouareholdingitforme,nothing________.A.worryaboutB.toworryaboutC.isworriedaboutD.worryingabout答案:B3.省略宾语—IsMr.Kinginhisoffice?金先生在办公室吗?—Sorry,Idon'tknow(whetherheisornot.)对不起,我不知道(他是否在)。—Jimmanagedtogetintohishousewithoutthekey.____?—Idon'tknow.Hemighthaveaskedsomeoneforhelp.A.WhatforB.GuesshowC.SowhatD.Whoknows解析:句意:“吉姆没有钥匙却设法进了房子。猜猜怎么进去的?”“不知道。他可能向别人求助了吧。”whatfor“为何”;sowhat“那又怎么样”;whoknows“谁知道”。题干中的问句补充完整为:Guesshowhegotintothehousewithoutthekey.答案:B4.省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)(Itisa)Pitythatwelivesofarfromthesea.真遗憾,我们住得离海太远了。(陕西)—Haveyoufinishedyourfirstpaper?—________.Justhalfofit.Howaboutyou?A.NotatallB.NotlikelyC.NotabitD.Notyet解析:句意:——你的第一篇论文写完了吗?——还没有。刚完成一半。你呢?首先排除A、C,因为notatall=notabit一点也不,不符合题意;notlikely—usedtodisagreestronglywithastatementorsuggestion绝不可能,绝对不会,也不符合题意。答案:D—Whydidn'tyoubuythebook?—I________,butIdidn'thaveenoughmoneywithme.A.wouldB.hadhadC.wouldhaveD.hadbought解析:根据句意可知,我本来会买的,可是当时我没有钱,所以没买。表示与过去事实相反,主句的谓语用wouldhavedone。答案:CWhoareyouwaitingfor?—________themanwoundedintheleftleg.A.ThedoctorwilloperateonB.ThenursetobelookedafterC.ThedoctortooperateonD.Hisbrothergot解析:回答的who是作waitfor的宾语,而A、D两项是句子的表达形式,所以排除;B项应该把tobelookedafter改为tolookafter。答语中tooperateontheman作定语,修饰thedoctor;woundedintheleftleg过去分词短语作定语修饰theman。所以只有C项正确。该句补充完整为:Iamwaitingforthedoctortooperateonthemanwoundedintheleftleg.答案:C二,并列句中的省略,在由and连接的一些句子中,为避免重复常省略一些重复的词或词组。1.省略共同的主语或宾语。Mr.Smithpickedupacoinintheroadand(Mr.Smith)handedittoapoliceman.Disneypickeduphispenciland(he)startedtodraw.迪斯尼拿起铅笔,(他)开始画了起来。HissuggestionsmadeJohnhappy,but(hissuggestionsmade)Maryangry.他的提议使约翰很高兴,但(他的提议使)玛丽很生气。2.若主语不同而谓语助动词,情态动词相同,则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.3.若主语与谓语动词相同,则省略后面的主谓成分。Hisadvicemademehappy,but(hisadvicemade)Jimangry.4.若主语不同,但主要动词及后续部分相同,则省略主要动词及后续部分。Iwasborninwinterin1988andBob(wasborninwinter)in1989.5.省略重复的介词,连词及后续部分。Hewaslatebecausehehadoversleptand(becausehehad)missedthetrain.此外,下面这种类型的句子也可以算是省略句。(Go)Alittlefurtherandyouwillseeasignboard.再往前走一点,你可以看见一个招牌。在这种句子中,前面的分句相当于一个条件从句。Asisknowntoall,MontrealisthesecondlargestFrenchspeakingcityintheworld,____.A.ParisisthelargestB.ParistobethelargestC.ParisthelargestD.Parisbethelargest解析:若两个句子之间有逗号隔开,那么这两个句子之间必须要有连词,若无连词,则要改为非谓语的形式。此题若选A项,缺少连词;B、D两项的非谓语表达形式与此题不符。所以此题只有C选项的省略形式是正确的。答案:C※三、状语从句的省略※1.在when,while,whenever,till,assoonas,if,unless,asif,though,as,whether等引导的状语从句中,若谓语有be,而主语有跟主句主语相同或是it时,则从句的主语和be常被省略。(1)As(hewas)young,hewasastore-keeper.(2)Hisopinion,whether(itis)rightorwrong,wouldbeconsidered.—Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?—Theboss,nottheworkers.Theyjustcarriedouttheorder________.A.astoldB.asaretoldC.astellingD.astheytold解析:句意:——谁应当对这一起事故负责?——是老板,而不是工人。工人们只是执行了他们被吩咐的指令。从题意可知,workers和tell之间应当是被动关系,排除C、D。而当从句主语和主句主语一致,且从句中有be动词时,从句主语和be动词可以同时省去。A项可以补全为:Theyjustcarriedouttheorderastheyweretold。答案:A※2.在as,than,however,whatever,nomatterwhat等引导的从句中常省略某些成分。Anyone,nomatterwho(heis),maypointoutourshortcomings.Icanonlydoitthewayas(Iwas)toldto(doitthatway).3.虚拟条件句常省略if,将were,had,should提前构成部分倒装。Shouldtherebeaflood=(Ifthereshouldbeaflood),whatshouldwedo?4.有些状语从句置于句末,可作句尾省略,有时可省略整个从句。Johnwillgothereifmybrotherwill(go).Iwouldhavecomeyesterday(ifIhadwantedto).四、定语从句和名词性从句中的省略。1.在限定性定语从句中,作宾语用的关系代词whom,which,that可省略;在以thesame…as和suchas引出的某些定语从句中,也可省略与主句相同部分。Thegirl(who\whom\that)theteacherspoketoisLiuYing.Idon'tlikesuchbooksasthis(is).2.定语从句中的“主语(关系代词which/that/who)+系动词be”可以省略。Thegoods(whichwere)orderedlastmonthhaven'tarrivedyet.3.在know,think,consider,suppose,find,believe,say,decide等动词后面所接的宾语从句中,连词that可以省略;若带有多个宾语从句,只有第一个that可省略,其余的则不能。Ithink(that)itwillclearup(转晴)thisafternoon.Hesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.4.由which,when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句,可全部或部分省略。Hewillcomeback,buthedoesn'tknowwhen(hewillcomeback).※5.在与suggest,request,order,advise等词相关的名词性从句中,须用虚拟语气形式“should+动词原形”,should可省略。Theofficerorderedthathismen(should)fire.Itissuggestedthatwe(should)gotoseethefilm.五、复合句中特殊的省略现象。1.主句省略多用于句首,在答句中,主句或者一些成分可全部省略。(Itisa)PitythatIdidn'tgotoMary'sbirthdaypartyyesterday.※2.省略一个从句或从句的一部分,可用so或not代替。1)--Shemaynotbefreetoday.--Ifso(so=sheisnotfreetoday),wewillhavetoreportthemanager.2)--Ishefeelingbettertoday?--I'mafraidnot(not=heisn'tfeelingbettertoday).六、动词不定式省略,只保留to的场合1.不定式作某些动词的宾语时,常见动词如like,love,care,hope,wish,expect,afford,forget,prefer,refuse,mean,try,advice,persuade,agree,want,remember,manage等。Youcan
本文标题:高中英语语法省略课件
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