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HowtoWriteacompellingIntroduction陈曙健顾詹妮王彬邹翩田妍妍刘筱筱Contents1.Whatistheintroduction?2.Thecontentsandstructure3.Citationsandabbreviations4.Grammar5.SummaryTheBodyofaResearchPaperIntroductionMaterialsandMethodsResearchResultsDiscussionConclusionWhatIstheIntroduction?Theintroductionisputatthebeginningofawriting,whichindicatesthescopeanddirectionofthepaper,andactasanavigationguidetoitsreading.IntroductionAlertreaders'interestSupplysufficientbackgroundinformationEmphasizeyourprincipalcontribution—IntroductionvsAbstractWhatIstheIntroduction?TextLengthTextIntroductionSupplysufficientbackgroundtoreaders.8%≤length≤10%Nostandard(1~4paragraphs)PresenttenseAbstractMainpart:methods,results&conclusions.AsshortaspossibleAsingleparagraphpasttenseTextFormTenseTextPurposeContents1.Whatistheintroduction2.Thecontentsandstructure3.Citationsandabbreviations4.Grammar5.SummaryFunnelIntroductionStage1:StatementsaboutthefieldofresearchStage2:Statementsabouttheaspectsoftheproblemalreadystudiedbyotherresearchers.Stage3:Statementsthatindicatetheneedformoreinvestigation,creatingagaporresearchnicheforthepresentstudytofill.Stage5:Optionalstatement(s)thatdrawprincipalconclusionsfromtheresultsorgiveapositivevalueorjustificationforcarryingoutthestudy.Stage4:Statementsgivingthepurpose/objectivesofthewriter’sstudyoroutliningitsmainactivityorfindings.Stage1PresentthenatureandscopeoftheprobleminvestigatedProvidethereaderwitharightsettingorcontextfortheproblemtobeinvestigatedClaimitscentralityorimportanceReasonable,understandbleExamplesofStage1Stage1Stage2MorespecificLayafoundationofinformationalreadyknownExamplesofStage2Stage2Stage1Stage3AuthorsoftenpresentabroadgapearlyintheIntroduction,andamorespecificoneclosetotheend.Signalwords:however,isthechallengingproblem,remainsamajorchallenge,rarely,notwellunderstood,andpresentlyunclear.ExamplesofStage3Stage4Intheformoftheaimorpurposeofthestudytobereported,ortheprincipalactivityorfindingofthestudy.ExamplesofStage4Stage5Optionalstatement(s)thatdrawprincipalconclusionsfromtheresultsorgiveapositivevalueorjustificationforcarryingoutthestudy.CoherenceandUnityBroad,general→narrow,specificOldinformation→newinformationEXAMPLEContents1.Whatistheintroduction2.Thecontentsandstructure3.Citationsandabbreviations4.Grammar5.SummaryCitationsThreedifferentcitationmethods1.Informationprominentcitation2.authorprominentcitation3.weakauthorprominentcitationAbbreviationsContents1.Whatistheintroduction2.Thecontentsandstructure3.Citationsandabbreviations4.Grammar5.SummaryTensePresenttense:oftenused(最主要的)presentperfecttense:expresswhathasbeenfoundPasttense:YourownpresentworkException:attribution(消息来源出处)VoiceActivevoice:precise,lesswordy(精确、简练);强调施事者,自己的研究活动、发现等。Passivevoice:强调研究对象;使句子新旧信息更好地衔接person大部分内容是第三人称作主语,提到自己的研究可用第一人称大部分内容是第三人称作主语,提到自己的研究可用第一人称Contents1.Whatistheintroduction2.Thecontentsandstructure3.Citationsandabbreviations4.Grammar5.SummarySummery1.FunnelIntroduction2.DetailsErererCoherenceandUnityCitationsAbbreviationsTenseVoicepersonThankYou!TheIntroduction
本文标题:introduction--科技英语写作
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