纳米异质结光催化材料在环境污染控制领域的研究进展

:2008113(No.20837001)33e2mail:[e-mail]333(116024),,TiO2,,,pnnn,:TQ426;X506;TB383:A:10052281X(2009)02P320406214Nano2HeterojunctionPhotocatalyticMaterialsinEnvironmentalPollutionControllingYuHongtaoQuanXie33(KeyLaboratoryofIndustrialEcologyandEnvironmentalEngineeringofMinistryofEducation,SchoolofEnvironmentalandBiologicalScienceandTechnology,DalianUniversityofTechnology,Dalian116024,China)AbstractNano2heterojunctions,whichintegratetheadvantagesofnano2materialsandheterojunctions,haveattractedwideinterestsinmanyareas.Inenvironmentalpollutioncontrollingarea,nano2heterojunctionspossessthepotentialapplication,becausetheycanovercomethetwoobstaclesofTiO2photocatalyst:thedissatisfactoryquantumefficiencyandtheneglectableutilizationofvisiblelight.Thisreviewintroducesthebasicmechanismofnano2heterojunctionrelatedtoenvironmentalpollutioncontrolling,includingthedrivingforceofinnerelectricfieldtophotogeneratedchargeseparationanditsactiveregion,theeffectofillumination,thethicknessoftopsemiconductor,energybandsandstructuretypeonphotogenerated2charge2separationmodeofheterojunction.Theprogressofpnjunction,nnjunction,Schottkyjunction,andheterojunctionsofsemiconductorwithcarbonmaterialsinenvironmentalpollutioncontrollingissummarized.Thefuturedevelopingperspectivesarealsopresented.Keywordsheterojunction;energybands;mechanismofphotogeneratedchargeseperation;photocatalysisContents1Introduction2Themechanismofheterojunctioninphotocatalysis211Innerelectricfieldanditsdominativeregion212Transferofphotogeneratedcharges213Illumination214Thedemandsforenergybandsofheterojunction212P320093PROGRESSINCHEMISTRYVol.21No.2P3Mar.,2009photocatalysts215Structuretypes3Heterojunctionphotocatalystsoftwosemiconductors311TheprogressofheterojunctionsofTiO2andp2typesemiconductor312Heterojunctionsofanataseandrutileorbrookite313HeterojunctionofTiO2andN2dopedTiO2314HeterojunctionsofTiO2andWO3315HeterojunctionsofTiO2andothersemiconductor316Heterojunctionofothersemiconductors4Schottkyjunctions5Heterojunctionsofsemiconductorandcarbonmaterials6Otherheterojunctionsphotocatalysts7Prospect1,,,,,,:,;,,;[15],[69],[1013],[1417],[1822],[23],[24,25],,,TiO2,,,TiO2,TiO2,TiO2,2007,RobertTiO2[26],GrayTiO2[27],TiO2ppn[28]TiO2[29],,TiO2,,,,2211pn[30](1),p,,p,,n,,,pn,np,nppnn,,p,np,,,pnpn,pn,,,pn(np),:ppnn,npnp,,,,,,7042P31pn:a.,b.pn,c.pnFig.1Schemesofpnjunction:a.respectivesemiconductors;b.formationofpnjunction;c.chargecarrierstransferwhenpnjunctionisilluminated[31],n,,,n,,,n;,p,,pn,(2)pn,pn,,p,n,,(),n,p,,212pn,pn,,34pn[32,33]4,,pn,,,p,;n,2pn:a.,b.pn,c.pnFig.2Energybanddiagramsofpnjunction:a.respectivesemiconductors;b.formationofpnjunction;c.whenpnjunctionisilluminated3apn,,3bpn,p,n,,pn,,np,3c,pn,,,804213d,n,p[34],,np,np,np,pn,pn,,np,np,p,np213pn,3a,(4a),,(),,,,;,,[35](4b),,,,,,(4c),,,;,[36],,3Fig.3Schemesofphotogeneratedchargestransferofthejunctionbetweensemiconductorswithvariousenergybands,,[37]SiTiO2TiTiO2,,,TiO2,TiO2,9042P3,TiO2,[38]4Fig.4Schemesofphotogeneratedchargetransferofthejunctionbetweensemiconductorswithvariousillumination214:,;,:,,,,pH=7,TiO22153eV(vs.SHE),2127eV(vs.SHE)[39],,TiO2,,,2127eV,,,,,,,Cu2O2TiO2,TiO2[40],,,TiO2TiO2;;,,,,,Robert[41],CdS2TiO2,Bi2S32TiO2,,,,,,,,2155a,01421,,(5a,,),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5:a.,b.,c.,d.,e.Fig.5Structuretypesofnano2heterojunction:a.composite,b.two2layertype,c.core2shelltype,d.coaxial2cabletype,e.dispersingonthesurface3TiO22007[26],TiO2311TiO2pn3aBessekhouad[42]PbS2TiO2CdS2TiO2Bi2S32TiO2Cu2O2TiO2Bi2O32TiO2,PbS2TiO2,PbS2TiO2TiO220PbS-1119eV-0178eV,0141eV,,PbS,,TiO2,Takahashi[43]CdS,,CdSTiO2,CdSCdS,CdS,TiO2,TiO2[44]TiO2,Yu[45],,P25NaClCu2O2TiO23aCu2OTiO2O2O2-O22-,H2O2Fe2+EDTAFenton,Fenton,H2O2,Fang[46]a2SiSiTiO2,Si2TiO2,a2SiSi,TiO2616:TiO2Si,SiTiO2,;,Si,Si,,Si1142P3,TiO2,TiO2,TiO2;,TiO2p,,TiO2,p,TiO2,TiO2pZnO[47]Cr2O72-,,312TiO2TiO2,,,,10[48],Smirniotis[49]310eV312eV,O2p,,,,,,011eV,3b,,,,,Ozawa[50]Ardizzone[51],TiO2,,[52],,,,Fujishima[53],,,,,,,,,,2,[48],[54],313TiO2NTiO2(N2TiO2)TiO2,TiO2,,Kang[55]TiO2N2TiO2TiO2N2TiO2,TiO2018eV,N2TiO2TiO2,TiO2TiO2N2pN2TiO2,314TiO2WO3,33pn,,6n,,nn,,,,WO3TiO2,,WO3,TiO2,,,WO3,,WO3218eV,440nm,TiO2TiO2WO3TiO2WO3TiO2214216Fig.6Schemesofthejunctionbetweensemiconductors,whichcanutilizeholesofwide2gapsemiconductor[56,57][58][59][60][61][62][63];[64]WO3TiO2Wang[65]TiO2WO3,315TiO2WO3,In2O3TiO2,TiO22In2O3WO32TiO2,TiO2In2O3,In2O3TiO2In2O3TiO2,,TiO2[66]TiO22SnO2[67]TiO22SnO2,,SnO2TiO2FeTiO3TiO2Ye[68]Fe3O42TiO2Fe3O42TiO2Fe2TiO5FeTiO3,FeTiO3,,FeTiO3TiO2,,Fe3O4Fe2TiO5TiO2,FeTiO3,216eV[69],InVO4,InVO4TiO2,Fu[70]InTaO4InNbO4InVO4TiO2,InVO4TiO2,InVO42TiO2VOCs,CO2,3a316TiO2SrNd2O6,-0141eV3117eV,SrNd2O6[71],HuangSrNd2O6MoO3WO3Nd2O5SnO2In2O3,SrNd2O6SnO2In2O33,,SnO2In2O3,,ChangCaIn2O42In2O3[72],CaIn2O4In2O3,CaIn2O4,In2O3CaIn2O4CaiCo3O42BiVO4[32]BiVO4n,,Co3O42BiVO4,pn3,,Co3O42BiVO43,,BiVO4,Nayak[73]ZnOCdS,,3,4TiO2,3a,,,3142P3,Sayama[33]3dCuBi2O42WO3,,,,,ZnO2SnO2[74]Bi2O32BaTiO3[75]Fe2O32WO3[76]CuO2SnO2[77]NiO2SrBiO4[78]Fe2O32ZnO[79],36,4,,pn,pnnp,,,,,,n,(Wm)(Ws),,,WmWs,,p,n,,n,WmWsPb[8083]Pt[8487]Au[88,89]Ag[9093],,,