四川旅游知识百问(修改稿)-精简版

1.“汉昭烈庙”为什么又叫“武侯祠”?原因何在?汉昭烈庙本是纪念蜀汉皇帝刘备的祠堂。武侯是中国名气最大的宰相诸葛亮的封号。先有刘备赐封的“武乡侯”，后有刘禅赐封的“忠武侯”，因此，以“武”而冠“侯”成为诸葛亮家喻户晓的代称。以“武侯”取代“昭烈”，其根本原因是在老百姓心目当中诸葛亮功高盖主、惠及万世。民国邹鲁诗曰：“由来功名输勋业，丞相功高百代思”说清了“门额大书昭烈庙，世人都道武侯祠”的缘由。ThepresentWuhouTemplewasreconstructedonitsoriginalsitein1672duringtheQingDynasty(清朝).AhorizontalboardhangsontheentrancegateinscribedwithfourChinesecharacters:汉昭烈庙(HanZhaolieTemple).“Zhaolie”istheofficialposthumoustitleofLiuBei(刘备)and“Han”isthenameofLiu’sregime.TheinscribedboardsuggeststhatthetemplewasoriginallybuiltinhonorofLiuBei,theemperoroftheShuHanKingdom(蜀汉).LiuBeiwastheemperorofShuHanandZhugeLiang(诸葛亮)washisprimeminister.Aftertheydied,theposthumoustitleofZhaoliewasconferreduponLiuBeiwhileZhongWuhouwasconferreduponZhugeLiang.Accordingtothestricthierarchyofthefeudalsociety,emperorwassuperiortoallhissubjects.SothetemplewasnamedZhaolieTemple(昭烈庙).ThedifferentheightsandsizesoftheLiuBeiHallandZhugeLiangHallinthetempleexpressivelyshowthefeudalhierarchy.Liu’shallislargerandmoremagnificentthanZhuge’s.However,peopleloveZhugeLiangmorethanLiuBeiandcallthetemple“WuhouTemple”insteadof“ZhaolieTemple”becausepeoplebelieveZhugeLiangmademorecontributionstotheShuHanKingdom;andhisfamehasovershadowedthatofLiuBei.KeyWords&Phrases:WuhouTemple，posthumoustitle,primeminister,feudalhierarchy,contribution2.蜀献王朱椿是哪个朝代的人?对成都(吃,住,游,购,娱)、峨眉山有何贡献?朱椿，明太祖朱元璋的第11个儿子。他对成都的贡献，是来成都之前派遣大太监康泰宁修建了规模宏大的王府，也就是后人们津津乐道的“皇城”。朱椿对峨眉山的贡献，是让画僧绘制了流传至今的峨眉山全图，客观上对峨眉山名扬天下起到了推进作用。ZhuChun,the11thsonofthefirstemperorZhuYuanzhang(朱元璋)oftheMingDynasty,wasconferredKingXianofShu(蜀献王),thepresentSichuan.HesenttheimperialeunuchKangZhuang(康庄)toconstructhislarge-scaleroyalmansionbeforehemovedtoChengdu,whichwasalsoknownas“Huangcheng”(“theImperialCity”“皇城”).TheChoubianTower(筹边楼),WangjiangTower(望江楼)andSanhuaTower(散花楼)wereconstructedalongtheJinjiangRiver(锦江)duringheruledoverChengdu.TheyweretypicaloflandscapebuildingsinChengdu,andhaveremainedlandmarksofChengduforcenturies.Uptotoday,WangjiangTowerisstillregardedasthelandmarkofChengdu.AllthesebuildingsshouldbecreditedtoZhuChun,theKingXianofShuintheMingDynasty.Besides,ZhuChunlovedEmeiMountain(峨眉山)verymuch,andwouldvisititalmosteveryyear.ZhuChunorderedthemonkpaintertodraw,andthepaintinghasbeenhandeddowntothisveryday.Infact,ZhuChunwantedtopleasehisfatherZhuYuanzhangwiththispainting;however,thepaintinggavegreatimpetustopromoteEmeiMountainandhadmadeitword-famous.ZhuChuncanberegardedasthefirstmanoftheroyalfamilyinChengduwhoconstructedancientbuildingstobeautifythecity.KeyWords&Phrases:MingDynasty，“Huangcheng”，thelandscapeofEmeiMountain3.武侯祠中的“三绝碑”是哪三绝?武侯祠中的三绝碑有两种说法。一种是指诸葛亮的智绝、裴度的文绝和柳公绰的书绝;另一种是指裴度的文绝、柳公绰的书绝和鲁建的刻绝。The3.67-meterhightabletoftheTangDynasty(唐朝)ismostcelebratedamongthesixtabletsintheWuhouTemple(武侯祠).PeiDu(裴度),thePrimeMinisterforthreeemperorsoftheTangDynastycomposedtheessay,inwhichZhugeLiang’sdevotiontoShuandhiseffortstoreunifythecountrywerehighlypraised.LiuGongchuo(柳公绰),theelderbrotherofLiuGongquan(柳公权),afamouscalligrapherintheTangDynasty,inscribeditinabeautifulhandwritingstyle.LuJian(鲁建),thewell-knownstonesculptorengravedthecalligraphicworkontothetablet.Thethreecelebritiesjoinedtheirhandstoperfectthetablet.Ithasbeenpraisedasthe“TabletofThreeWonders”(“三绝碑”)foritssuperbessay,calligraphyandsculpture.However,peoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutthe“TabletofThreeWonders”.Ingeneral,therearetwokinds,botholdandnew.TheoldtabletreferstothesuperbwisdomofZhugeLiang(诸葛亮),theessayofPeiDuandthecalligraphyofLiuGongchuo,whilethenewonerepresentstheessayofPeiDu,thecalligraphyofLiuGongchuoandthesculptureofLuJian(鲁建).KeyWords&Phrases:differentopinions，“TabletofThreeWonders”4.汉朝一共分为几个阶段?共有多少位皇帝?成都武侯祠的哪块横匾表明了蜀汉与汉政权一脉相承的联系?汉朝一共分为两个阶段，即西汉、东汉。共产生了28个皇帝。武侯祠内的“业绍高光”表明了刘备的事业延续了高祖刘邦和光武帝刘秀两位西汉、东汉创始人的传承关系。Chronologically,HanDynasty(汉朝)canbedividedintothreeperiods:WesternHanDynasty(西汉),capitalinChang’an长安),EasternHanDynasty(东汉),capitalinLuoyang洛阳)andShuHanDynasty(蜀汉),capitalinChengdu(成都).Therewere26emperorsinsuccession.ThefirstemperorLiuBang(刘邦)establishedtheWesternHanDynasty(西汉),inwhich12emperorsascendedtothethrone.Afterthat,LiuXiu(刘秀),alsostyledEmperorGuangWu(光武帝),suppressedtherebellionofWangMang(王莽)andmadeLuoyang(洛阳)thecapital,whichusheredintheEasternHanDynasty.Alsoafterthereignof12emperors,CaoPi(曹丕)overthrewtheHanDynasty,andproclaimedhimselftheemperorandfoundedWei(魏).Duringthesameperiod,LiuBeifoundedShuHanregime,inwhich2emperorsascendedtothethrone.OnthehorizontalinscribedboardofLiuBeiHall(刘备殿)intheWuhouTemple(武侯祠)ofChengdu,fourgoldenlaqueredChinesecharacterswereinscribed:“YeShaoGaoGuang”(“业绍高光”).GaoreferstoLiuBang,whoisnamedGaoZu(高祖)inhistory,whileGuangreferstoLiuXiu,whoiscalledEmperorGuangWu.ItmeansLiuBeihasresumedthegloryofLiuBang(GaoZu)andLiuXiu(GuangWu)oftheHanDynasty.HehaslegallysucceededthethroneofthefoundingemperorsoftheEasternandWesternHandynasties.DuringtheturmoiloftheThreeKingdoms(三国),onlyLiuBieisregardedasthelegitimatesuccessoroftheHanDynasty.KeyWords&Phrases:three，26emperors，“YeShaoGaoGuang”5.“三国”是哪三国?三大阵营的代表人物是谁?主要文臣武将有哪些?魏蜀吴。三大政权的领袖分别是曹魏阵营的曹操、孙吴政